Epidemiology and Psychiatry

Daytime sleepiness is an important health problem. However, the dimensionality of the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) in older adults remains unclear. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of ESS-defined excessive daytime sleepiness in older adults. Furthermore, the dimensionality of ESS and its respective correlates were also compared.

Kratom plant, products derived from the plant, and plant phytochemicals are of great interest among researchers, clinicians, and consumers. However, there is a paucity of rigorously collected scientific data on their risk/safety profile and public health impact. This scoping review discusses original research articles published between 2022 and 2023. It focuses on identifying publication gaps on topics related to epidemiology, public health, and risk/safety profiles comparing evidence collected by researchers from Southeast Asia and the West.

The worldwide spread of novel psychoactive substances (NPS) in the illicit drug market and their continuous increase in number and type, for the purpose of bypassing controlled substance legislation, represents a continuing challenge for forensic scientists, clinicians and enforcement authorities. We aim to provide information regarding the most urgent harms related to NPS consumption in different world regions and the current state of the art for NPS analysis.

Recognition of the high prevalence of children's mental health conditions and challenges to accessing needed care faced by children and their families have been long-standing concerns, emerging well before the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. Global data examining the prevalence of at least one mental health and/or substance-use disorder for 2516 million people aged 5 to 24 years in 2019 found that at least 293 million people were affected by at least one mental health disorder and 31 million affected by a substance-use disorder.

Homelessness is associated with adverse health and social outcomes. People experiencing homelessness have been found to have a high risk of violent crime victimisation as well as high prevalence of psychiatric disorders. It is poorly understood whether experiencing homelessness is associated with additional risks of violent offending and whether psychiatric disorders contribute to these risks. We examined the association between homelessness, psychiatric disorders, and first violence offence leading to conviction.

Frailty is a complex trait. Twin studies and high-powered Genome Wide Association Studies conducted in the UK Biobank have demonstrated a strong genetic basis of frailty. The present study utilized summary statistics from a Genome Wide Association Study on the Frailty Index to create and test the predictive power of frailty polygenic risk scores (PRS) in two independent samples - the Lothian Birth Cohort 1936 (LBC1936) and the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA) aged 67-84 years. Multiple regression models were built to test the predictive power of frailty PRS at five time points. Frailty PRS significantly predicted frailty, measured via the FI, at all-time points in LBC1936 and ELSA, explaining 2.1% (β = 0.15, 95%CI, 0.085-0.21) and 1.8% (β = 0.14, 95%CI, 0.10-0.17) of the variance, respectively, at age ~ 68/ ~ 70 years (p < 0.001). This work demonstrates that frailty PRS can predict frailty in two independent cohorts, particularly at early ages (~ 68/ ~ 70). PRS have the potential to be valuable instruments for identifying those at risk for frailty and could be important for controlling for genetic confounders in epidemiological studies.

Alcohol and substance use are increasing in older adults, many of whom have depression, and treatment in this context may be more hazardous. We assessed alcohol and other substance use patterns in older adults with treatment-resistant depression (TRD). We examined patient characteristics associated with higher alcohol consumption and examined the moderating effect of alcohol on the association between clinical variables and falls during antidepressant treatment.

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition defines gender identity disorder (GID) as a strong and persistent identification with the opposite sex and the distress that may accompany the incongruence between one's experienced or expressed gender and one's assigned gender. The onset of GID commonly begins early in childhood. Gender dysphoria has a higher prevalence of other comorbid psychiatric illnesses, such as mood, anxiety, and adjustment disorders, with increased suicide incidence and self-harming behaviors than the general population. Studies show that some temperamental, environmental, genetic, and psychological factors play a role in developing GID. Approximately 16% of transgender people and 21% of transgender women get incarcerated compared with the general US population. During incarceration, they face many issues, such as victimization, severe verbal harassment, purposeful humiliation, unwanted sexual advances, physical assault, forcible sex, and unwanted strip searches. There is a need for a better understanding of the issues and needs of this population to promote positive outcomes.

Symptoms of cancer-related fatigue (CRF) can have a significant impact on patients' quality of life and treatment adherence. We aimed to investigate the relationship between CRF and multiple psychosocial and somatic indicators within a large mixed cancer sample.

The biological mechanisms underlying the onset of major depressive disorder (MDD) have predominantly been studied in adult populations from high-income countries, despite the onset of depression typically occurring in adolescence and the majority of the world's adolescents living in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC). Taking advantage of a unique adolescent sample in an LMIC (Brazil), this study aimed to identify biological pathways characterizing the presence and increased risk of depression in adolescence, and sex-specific differences in such biological signatures. We collected blood samples from a risk-stratified cohort of 150 Brazilian adolescents (aged 14-16 years old) comprising 50 adolescents with MDD, 50 adolescents at high risk of developing MDD but without current MDD, and 50 adolescents at low risk of developing MDD and without MDD (25 females and 25 males in each group). We conducted RNA-Seq and pathway analysis on whole blood. Inflammatory-related biological pathways, such as role of hypercytokinemia/hyperchemokinemia in the pathogenesis of influenza (z-score = 3.464, p < 0.001), interferon signaling (z-score = 2.464, p < 0.001), interferon alpha/beta signaling (z-score = 3.873, p < 0.001), and complement signaling (z-score = 2, p = 0.002) were upregulated in adolescents with MDD compared with adolescents without MDD independently from their level of risk. The up-regulation of such inflammation-related pathways was observed in females but not in males. Inflammatory-related pathways involved in the production of cytokines and in interferon and complement signaling were identified as key indicators of adolescent depression, and this effect was present only in females.

The specific effects of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) in adulthood and senectitude were less known. We aim to examine the relationship between early ACEs and overall health condition as well as specific dimensions in the middle-aged and elderly population.

There has been a longstanding effort to integrate behavioral health and HIV care for people with comorbid HIV and behavioral health needs, including those with severe mental illness (SMI). As this population frequents both behavioral health and HIV care settings, they were likely to experience new obstacles to the quality and availability of care during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aims to describe how clinics for HIV services or behavioral healthcare-as well as co-located sites providing both-sought to rapidly shift protocols to maintain a standard of patient care for people with comorbid HIV and SMI while adapting to the unprecedented circumstances of the pandemic.

Latent classes are a useful tool in developmental research, however there are challenges associated with embedding them within a counterfactual mediation model. We develop and test a new method "updated pseudo class draws (uPCD)" to examine the association between a latent class exposure and distal outcome that could easily be extended to allow the use of any counterfactual mediation method. UPCD extends an existing group of methods (based on pseudo class draws) that assume that the true values of the latent class variable are missing, and need to be multiply imputed using class membership probabilities. We simulate data based on the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children, examine performance for existing techniques to relate a latent class exposure to a distal outcome ("one-step," "bias-adjusted three-step," "modal class assignment," "non-inclusive pseudo class draws," and "inclusive pseudo class draws") and compare bias in parameter estimates and their precision to uPCD when estimating counterfactual mediation effects. We found that uPCD shows minimal bias when estimating counterfactual mediation effects across all levels of entropy. UPCD performs similarly to recommended methods (one-step and bias-adjusted three-step), but provides greater flexibility and scope for incorporating the latent grouping within any commonly-used counterfactual mediation approach.

Research on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on mothers/childbearing parents has mainly been cross-sectional and focused on psychological symptoms. This study examined the impact on function using ongoing, systematic screening of a representative Ontario sample.

The shortage and distribution of nurses affect healthcare access in aging societies. Limited research has explored the nursing workforce in clinics, which is vital for healthcare delivery. This study aimed to investigate the shortage and distribution of nurses in clinics in Taiwan, considering geographical, institutional, and specialty variations.

Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, intersex, aromantic and asexual (LGBTQIA+) communities in the United States experience higher rates of alcohol use than the general population. While experiencing intimate partner violence (IPV) is thought to lead to increased alcohol use in LGBTQIA+ people, little research has investigated the temporal relationship between IPV and alcohol use in this population.

To examine differences in behavior problems between children from intended versus unintended pregnancies, and to estimate how much the difference in problem behavior would be reduced if postnatal depression was eliminated and social support was increased within 6 months after birth.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) occurs at the highest rate in older adulthood and increases risk for cognitive impairment and dementia.

Flaviviruses such as dengue virus (DENV), Zika virus (ZIKV), and yellow fever virus (YFV) are spread by mosquitoes and cause human disease and mortality in tropical areas. In contrast, Powassan virus (POWV), which causes severe neurologic illness, is a flavivirus transmitted by ticks in temperate regions of the Northern hemisphere. We find serologic neutralizing activity against POWV in individuals living in Mexico and Brazil. Monoclonal antibodies P002 and P003, which were derived from a resident of Mexico (where POWV is not reported), neutralize POWV lineage I by recognizing an epitope on the virus envelope domain III (EDIII) that is shared with a broad range of tick- and mosquito-borne flaviviruses. Our findings raise the possibility that POWV, or a flavivirus closely related to it, infects humans in the tropics.

Dog ownership has been associated with several complex traits and there is evidence of genetic influence. We performed a genome-wide association study of dog ownership through meta-analysis of 31,566 Swedish twins in five discovery cohorts and additional 65,986 European-ancestry individuals in three replication cohorts from Sweden, Norway, and the UK. Association test with >7.4 million single-nucleotide polymorphisms were meta-analyzed using a fixed effect model after controlling for population structure and relatedness. We identified two suggestive loci using discovery cohorts, which did not reach genome-wide significance after meta-analysis with replication cohorts. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms-based heritability of dog ownership using linkage disequilibrium score regression was estimated at 0.123 (CI 0.038-0.207) using the discovery cohorts and 0.018 (CI -0.002, 0.039) when adding in replication cohorts. Negative genetic correlation with complex traits including type 2 diabetes, depression, neuroticism and asthma was only found using discovery summary data. Furthermore, we did not identify any genes/gene-sets reaching even suggestive level of significance. This genome-wide association study does not, by itself, provide clear evidence on common genetic variants that influence the dog ownership among European-ancestry individuals.

This paper critiques the haematological monitoring guidelines for clozapine. It describes the history of clozapine, as well as the pathophysiology and epidemiology of clozapine-induced neutropenia (CIN) and agranulocytosis (CIA). The paper appraises the extant literature on mandatory clozapine haematological monitoring.

Depression is a common mental health disorder that often starts during adolescence, with potentially important future consequences including 'Not in Education, Employment or Training' (NEET) status.

Since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, most research has focused on the management of the acute symptoms of the disease. Yet some people tend to experience symptoms beyond the acute phase, defined as Post-COVID-19 Condition (PCC). This study aims to assess the impact of COVID-19 and PCC on anxiety and depression.

Polypharmacy (i.e., simultaneous use of two or more medications) poses a serious safety concern for older drivers. This study assesses the association between polypharmacy and hard braking events in older adult drivers.

Polycystic ovary syndrome is one of the commonest and complex endocrine disorders in females of reproductive age. Attention to self-care behaviors such as health-promoting behaviors can improve physiological and psychological conditions in women with PCOS. This study aimed to determine the efficacy of Social Network-Based Motivational Interviewing on health-promoting behaviors and quality of life of infertile women with polycystic ovary syndrome. In this randomized controlled trial, 60 infertile women with polycystic ovary syndrome were randomly selected and assigned to the interventio (n = 30) or a control group (n = 30). Participants in the control group received routine care. Those in the intervention group received five motivational group sessions in WhatsApp, which were conducted in five groups of six participants each. The data related to health-promoting behaviors and quality of life were collected through an online questionnaire. Both groups were followed up immediately and 2 months after the intervention. Data collected in the two stages were analyzed using the paired-samples t-test, Chi-square, and repeated measures analysis. No significant difference was observed between the two groups before the intervention means health-promoting behaviors and quality of life scores (p>0.05). Immediately and two months after the intervention, the mean scores of health-promoting behaviors and their domains increased in the intervention group. This increase is statistically compared to the first test, and the scores obtained by the control group in the second (p< 0.001, ES = 1.5) and the third test (p< 0.001, ES= 1.3) were significant. The score of the quality of life variable increase was not statistically significant compared to the first test and also to the scores obtained by the control group. However According to the Generalized estimating equations (GEE) test, the changes in quality of life score between the two groups in the three stages of measurement are statistically significant. WhatsApp support increases the health-promoting self-care behaviors rate and has favorable effects on follow-up.Trial registration: Iranian Registry for Clinical Trial (the link to trial: https://www.irct.ir/trial/48089 ). Registered August 11 2020.

Psychiatric syndromes are common following recovery from Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection. This study investigated the prevalence and the network structure of depression, insomnia, and suicidality among mental health professionals (MHPs) who recovered from COVID-19. Depression and insomnia were assessed with the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and Insomnia Severity Index questionnaire (ISI7) respectively. Suicidality items comprising suicidal ideation, suicidal plan and suicidal attempt were evaluated with binary response (no/yes) items. Network analyses with Ising model were conducted to identify the central symptoms of the network and their links to suicidality. A total of 9858 COVID-19 survivors were enrolled in a survey of MHPs. The prevalence of depression and insomnia were 47.10% (95% confidence interval (CI) = 46.09-48.06%) and 36.2% (95%CI = 35.35-37.21%), respectively, while the overall prevalence of suicidality was 7.8% (95%CI = 7.31-8.37%). The key central nodes included "Distress caused by the sleep difficulties" (ISI7) (EI = 1.34), "Interference with daytime functioning" (ISI5) (EI = 1.08), and "Sleep dissatisfaction" (ISI4) (EI = 0.74). "Fatigue" (PHQ4) (Bridge EI = 1.98), "Distress caused by sleep difficulties" (ISI7) (Bridge EI = 1.71), and "Motor Disturbances" (PHQ8) (Bridge EI = 1.67) were important bridge symptoms. The flow network indicated that the edge between the nodes of "Suicidality" (SU) and "Guilt" (PHQ6) showed the strongest connection (Edge Weight= 1.17, followed by "Suicidality" (SU) - "Sad mood" (PHQ2) (Edge Weight = 0.68)). The network analysis results suggest that insomnia symptoms play a critical role in the activation of the insomnia-depression-suicidality network model of COVID-19 survivors, while suicidality is more susceptible to the influence of depressive symptoms. These findings may have implications for developing prevention and intervention strategies for mental health conditions following recovery from COVID-19.

Although many individuals with alcohol dependence (AD) are recognized in the German healthcare system, only a few utilize addiction-specific treatment services. Those who enter treatment are not well characterized regarding their prospective pathways through the highly fragmented German healthcare system. This paper aims to (1) identify typical care pathways of patients with AD and their adherence to treatment guidelines and (2) explore the characteristics of these patients using routine data from different healthcare sectors.

Compared to other occupations, physicians are more susceptible to depression and suicide. Suicide among physicians in some countries reached up to 1.5- to threefold higher than the general population. However, this rate was not homogenous in all countries. Most of the Egyptian studies were related to the stressful pandemic event, but the actual prevalence of depression among physicians is still under research. To the best of the researcher's knowledge, no other study has been conducted to evaluate the risk of suicide among Egyptian physicians.

Childhood psychological abuse (CPA) are highly correlated with depression among college students, but the underlying mechanisms between variables need further exploration. This study aims to investigate internet addiction as a mediating factor and alexithymia as a moderating factor, in order to further elucidate the potential risk factors between CPA and depression among college students.

The pandemic has had a significant impact on the daily lives of children and their families, particularly the children of health care workers, due to changes in family routines as a result of their parents' work schedules. We aimed to explore the socioemotional and behavioural (SEB) problems of children of healthcare worker mothers (HCWM) during the COVID-19 pandemic and compare them with age-matched children and their mothers from other occupations.

The effort-reward imbalance (ERI) model is a widely used theoretical model to measure stress in the workplace. The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between ERI and three common mental disorders: major depressive disorder (MDD), generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD).

Autistic children often experience socioemotional difficulties relating to emotion regulation and mental health problems. Supports for autistic children involve the use of adapted interventions that target emotion regulation and social skills, alongside mental health symptoms. The Secret Agent Society Small Group (SAS: SG), an adapted cognitive behavioural program, has demonstrated efficacy through lab-delivered randomized control trials. However, research is still needed on its effectiveness when delivered by publicly funded, community-based autism providers under real-world ecologically valid conditions, especially within the context of a pandemic. The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted access to community-based supports and services for autistic children, and programs have adapted their services to online platforms. However, questions remain about the feasibility and clinical utility of evidence-based interventions and services delivered virtually in community-based settings.

This study examined menthol cigarette use among youth who smoked, after menthol cigarette bans were implemented in England (May 2020) and Canada (October 2017).

Schizophrenia is associated with increased risk of medical comorbidity, possibly including osteoporosis, which is a public health concern due to its significant social and health consequences. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we aimed to determine whether schizophrenia is associated with bone fragility. The protocol for this review has been registered with PROSPERO (CRD42020171959). The research question and inclusion/exclusion criteria were developed and presented according to the PECO (Population, Exposure, Comparison, Outcome) framework. Schizophrenia was identified from medical records, DSM-IV/5 or the ICD. The outcomes for this review were bone fragility [i.e., bone mineral density (BMD), fracture, bone turnover markers, bone quality]. A search strategy was developed and implemented for the electronic databases. A narrative synthesis was undertaken for all included studies; the results from eligible studies reporting on BMD and fracture were pooled using a random effects model to complete a meta-analysis. The conduct of the review and reporting of results adhered to PRISMA guidelines. Our search yielded 3103 studies, of which 29 met the predetermined eligibility criteria. Thirty-seven reports from 29 studies constituted 17 studies investigating BMD, eight investigating fracture, three investigating bone quality and nine investigating bone turnover markers. The meta-analyses revealed that people with schizophrenia had lower BMD at the lumbar spine [standardised mean difference (SMD) -0.74, 95% CI -1.27, -0.20; Z = -2.71, p = 0.01] and at the femoral neck (SMD -0.78, 95% CI -1.03, -0.53; Z = -6.18, p ≤ 0.001). Also observed was a higher risk of fracture (OR 1.43, 95% CI 1.27, 1.61; Z = 5.88, p ≤ 0.001). Following adjustment for publication bias, the association between schizophrenia and femoral neck BMD (SMD -0.63, 95% CI -0.97, -0.29) and fracture (OR 1.32, 95% CI 1.28, 1.35) remained. Significantly increased risk of bone fragility was observed in people with schizophrenia. This association was independent of sex, participant number, methodological quality and year of publication.

Substance use disorder (SUD) is a global health problem with a significant impact on individuals and society. The presentation of SUD is diverse, involving various substances, ages at onset, comorbid conditions, and disease trajectories. Current treatments for SUD struggle to address this heterogeneity, resulting in high relapse rates. SUD often co-occurs with other psychiatric and mental health-related conditions that contribute to the heterogeneity of the disorder and predispose to adverse disease trajectories. Family and genetic studies highlight the role of genetic and environmental factors in the course of SUD, and point to a shared genetic liability between SUDs and comorbid psychopathology. In this study, we aimed to disentangle SUD heterogeneity using a deeply phenotyped SUD cohort and polygenic scores (PGSs) for psychiatric disorders and related traits. We explored associations between PGSs and various SUD-related phenotypes, as well as PGS-environment interactions using information on lifetime emotional, physical, and/or sexual abuse. Our results identify clusters of individuals who exhibit differences in their phenotypic profile and reveal different patterns of associations between SUD-related phenotypes and the genetic liability for mental health-related traits, which may help explain part of the heterogeneity observed in SUD. In our SUD sample, we found associations linking the genetic liability for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) with lower educational attainment, the genetic liability for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) with higher rates of unemployment, the genetic liability for educational attainment with lower rates of criminal records and unemployment, and the genetic liability for well-being with lower rates of outpatient treatments and fewer problems related to family and social relationships. We also found evidence of PGS-environment interactions showing that genetic liability for suicide attempts worsened the psychiatric status in SUD individuals with a history of emotional physical and/or sexual abuse. Collectively, these data contribute to a better understanding of the role of genetic liability for mental health-related conditions and adverse life experiences in SUD heterogeneity.

Autistic children frequently often have accompanying physical health problems. However, this has been much less studied in autistic men and women during adulthood.This is one of the first studies to investigate the associations between autistic and somatic problems in adults from the general population. Using a continuous measure of autistic symptom scores and a categorical definition of autism (referred to below as probable autism) which considered symptom severity, childhood age of onset, and functional impairment, we found that autistic problems and irritable bowel syndrome, food allergy, pain, and fatigue were associated in adults. Sex differences were present for pain and fatigue, for which the associations with autistic symptom scores were somewhat stronger in females than males. Regarding age differences, the associations with fatigue and having food allergy were more pronounced in younger adults. Conversely, older individuals had a higher risk of developing irritable bowel syndrome or experiencing pain if they met the criteria for probable autism.There is a need for providing routine programs of screening, assessment, and treatment of autism-related somatic problems and developing evidence-based interventions for autistic individuals. These could be tailored to the needs of specific autistic populations. For example, autistic females could be given extra attention about the potential presence of pain and fatigue, younger adults about the potential presence of food allergy and fatigue, and older adults concerning the potential presence of irritable bowel syndrome and pain.

This work is a descriptive cross-sectional study that aimed to assess by means of an online survey the well-being and psychological impact, mainly depression, anxiety, stress and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), experienced by the general population after the end of lockdown following the COVID-19 pandemic. In this study, we used the PCL-S scales to assess PTSD and the DASS scale to assess depression, anxiety, and stress related to end of quarantine. Our study found that following the decontamination related to COVID-19, the psychological impact was not negligible with a significant prevalence of occurrence for several psychological disorders. We found depression (68.8%), anxiety (57.47%), stress (45.50%) and post-traumatic stress disorder (31.5%) in the subjects of our study. Following the decontamination related to COVID-19, the psychological impact was found to be as important or even more serious than the other situations that preceded it. The development of a database allowing us to understand the effect of the decontamination on the mental health of Moroccans could be useful in order to watch and prevent the occurrence of complications for psychological disorders such as depression, anxiety, stress or even a state of post-traumatic stress.

The large and increasing number of adults living with dementia is a pressing societal priority, which may be partially mitigated through improved population-level blood pressure (BP) control. We explored how tighter population-level BP control affects the incidence of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) events and dementia.

The Mind after Midnight hypothesis proposes that nocturnal wakefulness increases the risk for dysregulated behaviors. Prior studies highlight a greater risk for suicide at night after adjusting for population wakefulness. How this risk varies hour to hour, differs across subgroups, or applies to other behaviors is unknown. Data on 78,647 suicides and 50,526 homicides from the National Violent Death Reporting System were combined with population wakefulness data for 2003-2017 from the American Time Use Survey. Hourly incident risk ratios (IRRs) were estimated after adjusting for population wakefulness. Two-way analysis of variances identified significant time-by-subgroup interactions that were quantified in post hoc analyses. Suicide counts peaked at 12:00 PM, while homicide counts peaked at 10:00- 11:00 PM. Adjusting for demographics and population wakefulness revealed a 5-fold greater risk for suicide at 3:00 AM (aIRR: 5.20 [4.74-5.70]) and an 8-fold greater risk for homicide at 2:00 AM (aIRR: 8.04 [6.35-10.2]). Hourly risk for suicide varied by age, ethnicity, blood alcohol level, and current partner conflict. Hourly risk for homicide varied by sex and blood alcohol level. Risk for suicide and homicide is greater at night than expected based on the number of people awake at that time. Nighttime risk was greater among young adults and those intoxicated with alcohol, but not among those with a history of suicidal ideation or attempts. Further research should evaluate mechanisms of risk and confirm these findings at an individual level.

Telepsychiatry is an effective tool to support and provide mental health services to prison inmates. In Greece, telepsychiatry was formally applied in two correctional facilities in 2018. The objective of this study was to compare inmates' perceptions and satisfaction with telepsychiatry versus face-to-face consultation. The sample consisted of 100 male inmates with a multicultural background and prior experience with both methods of services provision. The data were obtained through a Demographic Data Questionnaire, a Participant Satisfaction Questionnaire to assess satisfaction with face-to-face psychiatric services, and another Participant Satisfaction Questionnaire to assess satisfaction with telepsychiatric services. The results have shown a higher level of satisfaction with telepsychiatry compared to face-to-face care. Statistically significant improvements (all p-values <0.001) were noted in: waiting times, support for relapse prevention, follow up, quality of mental health care, quality of care in the management of psychiatric problems and related medication, behaviour of psychiatrists, duration of the assessment, sense of comfort, and confidentiality. Telepsychiatry has proved to be an acceptable way of approaching and supporting inmates in Greece, with most of the participants expressing high acceptance, satisfaction, and preference rates. Implications for additional research and further development of telepsychiatry are discussed.

Social anxiety disorder (SAD) is a prevalent and debilitating psychiatric disorder that is associated with impairments in functioning and detrimental outcomes such as suicide, poor physical quality of life (QOL), and overall mental health. The goal of the present study was to examine the past year comorbidities of SAD among a large nationally representative sample of US adults (N = 36,309) and to examine correlates of physical QOL and overall mental health among individuals with past-year SAD (N = 980). The study utilized data from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions-III to examine diagnostic correlates of SAD as well as how symptoms and features of SAD are related to QOL using survey-weighted regression analyses. We found that comorbid depression, anxiety disorders, posttraumatic stress disorder, and borderline personality disorder were positively associated with SAD. Further, presence of these disorders was also associated with poorer mental health among those with SAD. We also found that specific feared situations (eg, eating and drinking in public) and social anxiety symptoms (panic attack and avoidance) were linked to both forms of QOL (all s <0.01). The present findings highlight that SAD is comorbid with other impairing disorders and that these comorbidities, specific feared situations, and SAD symptoms are related to worse QOL in individuals with SAD.

Many US states are substantially increasing community-based naloxone distribution, supported in part through settlements from opioid manufacturers and distributors.

Diabetes and dyslipidemia are common in patients with psychosis and may be related to adverse effects of antipsychotic medications. Metabolic disturbances in first-episode patients with psychosis are common, even prior to any antipsychotic treatment, and antipsychotic medications are implicated in the development of metabolic syndrome, at least in the long run. We therefore aimed to follow a group of drug-naïve, first-episode patients with psychosis at different time points (baseline, six months, and 36 months after the initiation of antipsychotic treatment) in order to evaluate the progression of metabolic abnormalities after antipsychotic therapy and the time-course of their onset. We assessed glucose and lipid metabolism during the fasted state in 54 drug-naïve patients with first-episode psychosis (FEP) before the initiation of any antipsychotic treatment and compared them with matched controls. The same parameters were assessed in the patient group (n=54) after six months of antipsychotic treatment and in a subgroup of patients (n=39) after three years of continuous and stable treatment in comparison to baseline. Measurements were obtained for fasting serum concentrations of total cholesterol, triglycerides, high density lipoprotein (HDL), glucose, insulin, connecting peptide (C-peptide), homeostatic model assessment index (HOMA-IR), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and body mass index (BMI). Insulin, C-peptide, triglyceride levels, and HOMA-IR index were significantly higher compared to controls. Total cholesterol, triglyceride levels and BMI, increased significantly in the patient group after six months of antipsychotic treatment. After three years of continuous antipsychotic treatment, we found statistically significant increases in fasting glucose, insulin, total cholesterol, triglyceride levels, HbA1c, HOMA-IR index, and BMI compared to baseline. In conclusion, FEP patients developed significant increases in BMI and serum lipid levels as soon as six months after antipsychotic treatment. These metabolic abnormalities persisted following 36 months of treatment and in addition, increases in fasting glucose, insulin, HbA1c and HOMA-IR were observed compared to baseline.

Air pollution exposure has been associated with adverse cognitive and mental health outcomes in children, adolescents, and adults, although youth may be particularly susceptible given ongoing brain development. However, the neurodevelopmental mechanisms underlying the associations among air pollution, cognition, and mental health remain unclear. We examined the impact of particulate matter (PM2.5) on resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) of the default mode network (DMN) and three key attention networks: dorsal attention, ventral attention, and cingulo-opercular. Longitudinal changes in rsFC within/between networks were assessed from baseline (9-10 years) to the two-year follow-up (11-12 years) in 10,072 youth (M+SD=9.93+0.63 years; 49% female) from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD®) study. Annual ambient PM2.5 concentrations from the 2016 calendar year were estimated using hybrid ensemble spatiotemporal models. RsFC was estimated using functional neuroimaging. Linear mixed models were used to test associations between PM2.5 and change in rsFC over time while adjusting for relevant covariates (e.g., age, sex, race/ethnicity, parental education, family income) and other air pollutants (O3, NO2). A PM2.5 x time interaction was significant for within-network rsFC of the DMN such that higher PM2.5 concentrations were associated with a smaller increase in rsFC over time. Further, significant PM2.5 x time interactions were observed for between-network rsFC of the DMN and all three attention networks, with varied directionality. PM2.5 exposure was associated with alterations in the development and equilibrium of the DMN-a network implicated in self-referential processing-and anti-correlated attention networks, which may impact trajectories of cognitive and mental health symptoms across adolescence.

Healthcare professionals are in short supply worldwide, especially in China, which can result in increased stress in the work environment and allostatic load for Chinese hospital staff. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of anxiety and depressive symptoms and their relationship with total stress, allostatic overload, sleep quality, and episodic memory among Chinese hospital staff.

Palmoplantar pustulosis (PPP) is an inflammatory skin disorder that mostly affects smokers and manifests with painful pustular eruptions on the palms and soles. While the disease can present with concurrent plaque psoriasis, TNF and IL-17/IL-23 inhibitors show limited efficacy. There is therefore a pressing need to uncover PPP disease drivers and therapeutic targets.

Functional neurological symptom disorder (FNSD) is a neuropsychiatric condition characterized by signs/symptoms associated with brain network dysfunction. FNSDs are common and are associated with high healthcare costs. FNSDs are relevant to neuropsychologists, as they frequently present with chronic neuropsychiatric symptoms, subjective cognitive concerns, and/or low neuropsychological test scores, with associated disability and reduced quality of life. However, neuropsychologists in some settings are not involved in care of patients with FNSDs. This review summarizes relevant FNSD literature with a focus on the role of neuropsychologists.

Parental depression is a significant problem that negatively affects parents' welfare and influences family dynamics, children's academic and health behaviors, and mental health. However, there is limited evidence regarding the impact of the parental depression into the children's' psychological and physical wellbeing on Asian cultures. This study examined the psychological burdens and health behaviors of adolescent children with parents with depression in the Republic of Korea.

The overall pandemic created enormous pressure on long-term care workers (LTCWs), making them particularly vulnerable to mental disorders. Despite this, most of the available evidence on professional well-being during COVID-19 has exclusively focused on frontline health care workers.

Cerebral small vessel disease (cSVD) is a leading cause of stroke and dementia. Genetic risk loci for white matter hyperintensities (WMH), the most common MRI-marker of cSVD in older age, were recently shown to be significantly associated with white matter (WM) microstructure on diffusion tensor imaging (signal-based) in young adults. To provide new insights into these early changes in WM microstructure and their relation with cSVD, we sought to explore the genetic underpinnings of cutting-edge tissue-based diffusion imaging markers across the adult lifespan. We conducted a genome-wide association study of neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging (NODDI) markers in young adults (i-Share study: N = 1 758, (mean[range]) 22.1[18-35] years), with follow-up in young middle-aged (Rhineland Study: N = 714, 35.2[30-40] years) and late middle-aged to older individuals (UK Biobank: N = 33 224, 64.3[45-82] years). We identified 21 loci associated with NODDI markers across brain regions in young adults. The most robust association, replicated in both follow-up cohorts, was with Neurite Density Index (NDI) at chr5q14.3, a known WMH locus in VCAN. Two additional loci were replicated in UK Biobank, at chr17q21.2 with NDI, and chr19q13.12 with Orientation Dispersion Index (ODI). Transcriptome-wide association studies showed associations of STAT3 expression in arterial and adipose tissue (chr17q21.2) with NDI, and of several genes at chr19q13.12 with ODI. Genetic susceptibility to larger WMH volume, but not to vascular risk factors, was significantly associated with decreased NDI in young adults, especially in regions known to harbor WMH in older age. Individually, seven of 25 known WMH risk loci were associated with NDI in young adults. In conclusion, we identified multiple novel genetic risk loci associated with NODDI markers, particularly NDI, in early adulthood. These point to possible early-life mechanisms underlying cSVD and to processes involving remyelination, neurodevelopment and neurodegeneration, with a potential for novel approaches to prevention.

Right-sided colon cancer (RCC) and left-sided colon cancer (LCC) differ in features and outcomes because of variations in embryology, epidemiology, pathology, and prognosis. This study sought to identify significant factors impacting patient survival through Bayesian modelling. Data was retrospectively analysed from a colorectal neoplasia database. Data on demographics, perioperative risks, treatment, mortality, and survival was analysed from patients who underwent colon cancer surgery from January 2010 to December 2021. This study involved 2475 patients, with 58.7% having RCC and 41.3% having LCC. RCC patients had a notably higher mortality rate, and their overall survival (OS) rates were slightly lower than those with LCC (P < 0.05). RCC stages I-IV consistently exhibited worse OS and relapse-free survival (RFS) than LCC (P < 0.05). Factors like age, BMI, ASA score, cancer stage, and comorbidities had significant associations with OS and RFS. Poor and moderate differentiation, lower lymph node yield, and organ resection were linked to lower survival while receiving chemotherapy; higher BMI levels and elective surgery were associated with better survival (all P < 0.05). Our study reveals key differences between RCC and LCC, emphasising the impact of age, BMI, ASA score, cancer stage, and comorbidities on patient survival. These findings could inform personalised treatment strategies for colon cancer patients.

Social isolation has been linked to a range of psychiatric issues, but the behavioral component that drives it is not well understood. Here, a genome-wide associations study (GWAS) was carried out to identify genetic variants that contribute specifically to social isolation behavior (SIB) in up to 449,609 participants from the UK Biobank. 17 loci were identified at genome-wide significance, contributing to a 4% SNP-based heritability estimate. Using the SIB GWAS, polygenic risk scores (PRS) were derived in ALSPAC, an independent, developmental cohort, and used to test for association with self-reported friendship scores, comprising items related to friendship quality and quantity, at age 12 and 18 to determine whether genetic predisposition manifests during childhood development. At age 18, friendship scores were associated with the SIB PRS, demonstrating that the genetic factors can predict related social traits in late adolescence. Linkage disequilibrium (LD) score correlation using the SIB GWAS demonstrated genetic correlations with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), schizophrenia, major depressive disorder (MDD), educational attainment, extraversion, and loneliness. However, no evidence of causality was found using a conservative Mendelian randomization approach between SIB and any of the traits in either direction. Genomic Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) revealed a common factor contributing to SIB, neuroticism, loneliness, MDD, and ASD, weakly correlated with a second common factor that contributes to psychiatric and psychotic traits. Our results show that SIB contributes a small heritable component, which is associated genetically with other social traits such as friendship as well as psychiatric disorders.

The oxidative system plays an important role in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. Inconsistent associations were found between hyperbilirubinemia and psychopathology as well as glycolipid metabolism in patients with schizophrenia at different episodes. This current study aimed to examine these associations in patients with acute-episode and drug-free (AEDF) schizophrenia.

Coupled with its rising prevalence, Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has become a globally recognized public health concern. Nevertheless, large-scale, multicenter studies that analyze the epidemiology of ASD in China are relatively scarce.

The COVID-19 pandemic disrupted daily life, economies, and health, prompting strict government measures, including nationwide lockdowns and school closures in Uganda, resulting in significant academic setbacks for adolescents. The coping strategies employed by school-going adolescents in Uganda amidst the COVID-19 pandemic remain inadequately understood. This study aimed to assess the coping strategies adopted by school-going adolescents (early, middle and late adolescents) in the Manafwa watershed, recognized as one of Uganda's most vulnerable regions, during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Unhealthy lifestyle behaviors among adolescents have emerged as a significant public health concern worldwide, however, there is little investigation on the impact of unhealthy behaviors on non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI), suicidal ideation (SI) and suicide attempt (SA). This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of seven unhealthy behaviors as well as their associations with NSSI, SI and SA, and to explore whether the aforementioned associations differ across sex.

The relationship between psychological factors and treatment outcomes with assisted reproductive technology has sparked considerable debate. This study aims to investigate the emotional risk factors in couples seeking infertility treatment using assisted reproductive technology in Sari, Iran, from 2020 to 2022.

The relation of antipsychotics with severe Coronavirus Disease 19 (COVID-19) outcomes is a matter of debate since the beginning of the pandemic. To date, controversial results have been published on this issue. We aimed to prove whether antipsychotics might exert adverse or protective effects against fatal outcomes derived from COVID-19. A population-based retrospective cohort study (January 2020 to November 2020) comprising inpatients (15,968 patients) who were at least 18 years old and had a laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 infection. Two sub-cohorts were delineated, comprising a total of 2536 inpatients: individuals who either had no prescription medication or were prescribed an antipsychotic within the 15 days preceding hospitalization. We conducted survival and odds ratio analyses to assess the association between antipsychotic use and mortality, reporting both unadjusted and covariate-adjusted results. We computed the average treatment effects, using the untreated group as the reference, and the average treatment effect on the treated, focusing solely on the antipsychotic-treated population. Among the eight antipsychotics found to be in use, only aripiprazole showed a significant decrease in the risk of death from COVID-19 [adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 0.86; 95% CI, 0.79-0.93, multiple-testing adjusted p-value < 0.05]. Importantly, these findings were consistent for both covariate-adjusted and unadjusted analyses. Aripiprazole has been shown to have a differentiated beneficial effect in protecting against fatal clinical outcome in COVID-19 infected individuals. We speculate that the differential effect of aripiprazole on controlling immunological pathways and inducible inflammatory enzymes, that are critical in COVID19 illness, may be associated with our findings herein.

Worldwide trends to delay childbearing have increased parental ages at birth. Older parental age may harm offspring health, but mechanisms remain unclear. Alterations in offspring DNA methylation (DNAm) patterns could play a role as aging has been associated with methylation changes in gametes of older individuals. We meta-analyzed epigenome-wide associations of parental age with offspring blood DNAm of over 9500 newborns and 2000 children (5-10 years old) from the Pregnancy and Childhood Epigenetics consortium. In newborns, we identified 33 CpG sites in 13 loci with DNAm associated with maternal age (P < 0.05). Eight of these CpGs were located near/in the MTNR1B gene, coding for a melatonin receptor. Regional analysis identified them together as a differentially methylated region consisting of 9 CpGs in/near MTNR1B, at which higher DNAm was associated with greater maternal age (P = 6.92 × 10) in newborns. In childhood blood samples, these differences in blood DNAm of MTNR1B CpGs were nominally significant (p < 0.05) and retained the same positive direction, suggesting persistence of associations. Maternal age was also positively associated with higher DNA methylation at three CpGs in RTEL1-TNFRSF6B at birth (P < 0.05) and nominally in childhood (p < 0.0001). Of the remaining 10 CpGs also persistent in childhood, methylation at cg26709300 in YPEL3/BOLA2B in external data was associated with expression of ITGAL, an immune regulator. While further study is needed to establish causality, particularly due to the small effect sizes observed, our results potentially support offspring DNAm as a mechanism underlying associations of maternal age with child health.

People living in less urban areas in the UK may have reduced access to mental healthcare compared with people in urban areas. Although this was not reported in the 2000 Adult Psychiatric Morbidity Survey (APMS) data, subsequent changes to mental health provision and economic recession may have impacted care inequalities. We re-examined this, hypothesising that those living in less urban areas of England received less antidepressant medication and psychological interventions, compared with those living in urban areas, after adjusting for covariates including common mental disorders (CMDs) and socioeconomic status.

There is evidence from meta-analyses and systematic reviews that digital mental health interventions for depression, anxiety, and stress-related disorders tend to be cost-effective. However, no such evidence exists for guided digital mental health care in low and middle-income countries (LMICs) facing humanitarian crises, where the needs are highest. Step-by-Step (SbS), a digital mental health intervention for depression, anxiety, and stress-related disorders, proved to be effective for Lebanese citizens and war-affected Syrians residing in Lebanon. Assessing the cost-effectiveness of SbS is crucial because Lebanon's overstretched health care system must prioritize cost-effective treatment options in the face of continuing humanitarian and economic crises.

Due to the war in Tigray, 2.1 million people (31% of the total population) were internally displaced. Epidemiological evidence shows that the burden of mental health is higher in war/conflict and post-conflict areas of the world compared to non-conflict places, especially for those who have experienced targeted ethnic violence as a result of civil and political unrest. Post-traumatic stress disorder is one of the common psychiatric disorders experienced during war. Thus, this study aimed to assess the level and aggravating factors of PTSD during the war in Tigray.

Eating disorders (ED) are associated with symptoms across body image, disordered eating, and exercise-related domains, and while predominantly affecting females, ED in males is also a significant concern. However, popular self-report methods insufficiently capture male presentations. This study aimed (1) to validate the first Swedish translation of the Eating Pathology Symptoms Inventory (EPSI), which was designed to overcome limitations in previous measures, and (2) compare genders gender-specific manifestations of eating pathology, depression, and anxiety in Swedish high-school students.

We investigated relations of depressive symptoms, antidepressant use, and epigenetic age acceleration with all-cause mortality risk among postmenopausal women. Data were analyzed from ≤1,900 participants in the Women's Health Initiative study testing four-way decomposition models. After a median 20.4y follow-up, 1,161 deaths occurred. Approximately 11% had elevated depressive symptoms (EDS), 7% were taking antidepressant medication at baseline (ANTIDEP), while 16.5% fell into either category (EDS_ANTIDEP). Baseline ANTIDEP, longitudinal transition into ANTIDEP and accelerated epigenetic aging directly predicted increased mortality risk. GrimAge DNA methylation age acceleration (AgeAccelGrim) partially mediated total effects of baseline ANTIDEP and EDS_ANTIDEP on all-cause mortality risk in socio-demographic factors-adjusted models (Pure Indirect Effect >0, < 0.05; Total Effect >0, < 0.05). Thus, higher AgeAccelGrim partially explained the relationship between antidepressant use and increased all-cause mortality risk, though only prior to controlling for lifestyle and health-related factors. Antidepressant use and epigenetic age acceleration independently predicted increased all-cause mortality risk. Further studies are needed in varying populations.

Placebo is the only substance systematically evaluated across common psychiatric diagnoses, but comprehensive cross-diagnostic comparisons are lacking.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an immune-mediated demyelinating disease with a significant burden of neuropsychiatric sequelae. These symptoms, including depression and anxiety, are predictors of morbidity and mortality in people with MS. Despite a high prevalence of obsessive-compulsive disorder in MS, potentially shared pathophysiological mechanisms and overlap in possible treatments, no review has specifically examined the clinical dimensions of people with obsessive-compulsive and related disorders (OCRD) and MS. In this scoping review, we aim to map the available knowledge on the clinical dimensions of people with co-occurring OCRD and MS. Understanding the characteristics of this population in greater detail will inform more patient-centred care and create a framework for future studies.

Omega-3 fatty acids have been implicated in the aetiology of depressive disorders, though trials supplementing omega-3 to prevent major depressive disorder (MDD) have so far been unsuccessful. Whether this association is causal remains unclear. We used two sample Mendelian randomization (MR) to investigate causality. Genetic variants associated with circulating omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids in UK Biobank (UKBB, n = 115,078) were selected as exposures. The Psychiatric Genomics Consortium (PGC) genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of MDD (n = 430,775; cases = 116,209; controls = 314,566) and recurrent depression (rMDD, n = 80,933; cases = 17,451; controls = 62,482), were used as outcomes. Multivariable MR (MVMR) models were used to account for biologically correlated lipids, such as high- and low-density cholesterol and triglycerides, and to explore the relative importance of longer-chain omega-3 fatty acids eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) using data from the Cohorts for Heart and Aging Research in Genomic Epidemiology (CHARGE, n = 8866). Genetic colocalization analyses were used to explore the presence of a shared underlying causal variant between traits. Genetically predicted total omega-3 fatty acids reduced the odds of MDD (OR 0.96 per standard deviation (SD, i.e. 0.22 mmol/l) (95% CIs 0.93-0.98, p = 0.003)). The largest point estimates were observed for eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), a long-chain omega-3 fatty acid (OR 0.92; 95% CI 0.88-0.96; p = 0.0002). The effect of omega-3 fatty acids was robust to MVMR models accounting for biologically correlated lipids. 'Leave-one-out' analyses highlighted the FADS gene cluster as a key driver of the effect. Colocalization analyses suggested a shared causal variant using the primary outcome sample, but genomic confounding could not be fully excluded. This study supports a role for omega-3 fatty acids, particularly EPA, in the aetiology of depression, although pleiotropic mechanisms cannot be ruled out. The findings support guidelines highlighting the importance of EPA dose and ratio for MDD and question whether targeted interventions may be superior to universal prevention trials, as modest effect sizes will limit statistical power.

Substantial data support a heritable basis for supraventricular tachycardias, but the genetic determinants and molecular mechanisms of these arrhythmias are poorly understood. We sought to identify genetic loci associated with atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT) and atrioventricular accessory pathways or atrioventricular reciprocating tachycardia (AVAPs/AVRT).

Establishing collaborations between cohort studies has been fundamental for progress in health research. However, such collaborations are hampered by heterogeneous data representations across cohorts and legal constraints to data sharing. The first arises from a lack of consensus in standards of data collection and representation across cohort studies and is usually tackled by applying data harmonization processes. The second is increasingly important due to raised awareness for privacy protection and stricter regulations, such as the GDPR. Federated learning has emerged as a privacy-preserving alternative to transferring data between institutions through analyzing data in a decentralized manner.

During the last two decades, cigarette smoking witnessed a global increase in use, especially among youth. Loneliness is one of the possible psychosocial determinants of smoking. This study examined the association between loneliness and attitudes towards cigarette smoking among university students of Iran.

While its etiology is not fully elucidated, preterm birth represents a major public health concern as it is the leading cause of child mortality and morbidity. Stress is one of the most common perinatal conditions and may increase the risk of preterm birth. In this paper we aimed to investigate the association of maternal perceived stress and anxiety with length of gestation. We used harmonized data from five birth cohorts from Canada, France, and Norway. A total of 5297 pregnancies of singletons were included in the analysis of perceived stress and gestational duration, and 55,775 pregnancies for anxiety. Federated analyses were performed through the DataSHIELD platform using Cox regression models within intervals of gestational age. The models were fit for each cohort separately, and the cohort-specific results were combined using random effects study-level meta-analysis. Moderate and high levels of perceived stress during pregnancy were associated with a shorter length of gestation in the very/moderately preterm interval [moderate: hazard ratio (HR) 1.92 (95%CI 0.83, 4.48); high: 2.04 (95%CI 0.77, 5.37)], albeit not statistically significant. No association was found for the other intervals. Anxiety was associated with gestational duration in the very/moderately preterm interval [1.66 (95%CI 1.32, 2.08)], and in the early term interval [1.15 (95%CI 1.08, 1.23)]. Our findings suggest that perceived stress and anxiety are associated with an increased risk of earlier birth, but only in the earliest gestational ages. We also found an association in the early term period for anxiety, but the result was only driven by the largest cohort, which collected information the latest in pregnancy. This raised a potential issue of reverse causality as anxiety later in pregnancy could be due to concerns about early signs of a possible preterm birth.

To determine the prevalence of use and misuse of prescription opioids among patients at Dutch emergency departments (EDs).

Growing evidence associates air pollution exposure with various psychiatric disorders. However, the importance of early-life (eg, prenatal) air pollution exposure to mental health during youth is poorly understood, and few longitudinal studies have investigated the association of noise pollution with youth mental health.

Although psychological distress is common among survivors of critical illness, there are few tailored therapies.

Night-shift work disturbs sleep and is associated with poor health conditions among workers. We aimed to investigate the association between night-shift work and gambling among workers and the association between night-shift work and problem gambling in working and gambling participants.

To characterize and compare transitions in blunt smoking behaviors among a diverse cohort of youth and young adults observed between Spring 2019 and Fall 2021.

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a severe mental illness with high relapse rates and high mortality. Depression not only severely limits psychosocial functioning but also reduces quality of life. It can also negatively affect patients' clinical parameters, including lipid metabolism markers. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and risk factors of hyperlipidemia (HL) in patients with MDD who were hospitalized for the first time.

Prevalence of youth nicotine vaping has increased, heightening concerns around negative health effects. This study aimed to compare self-reported respiratory symptoms among youth by vaping behaviours.

Dementia as a global phenomenon has received significant attention in research due to the adverse effects it has on the daily functioning of its victims. Despite studies conducted in relation to the prevalence and associated factors of dementia in Ghana, not much attention has been paid to the influence of gender. The study, therefore, focused on estimating gender differences in the prevalence and associated factors of dementia in the Ashanti Region of Ghana.

It is well evidenced that healthcare professionals working in paediatric critical care experience high levels of burn-out, compassion fatigue and moral distress. This worsened during the COVID-19 pandemic. This work examines the nature of challenges to workplace well-being and explores what well-being means to staff. This evidence will inform the development of staff interventions to improve and maintain staff well-being.

Epidemiological data offer conflicting views of the natural course of binge-eating disorder (BED), with large retrospective studies suggesting a protracted course and small prospective studies suggesting a briefer duration. We thus examined changes in BED diagnostic status in a prospective, community-based study that was larger and more representative with respect to sex, age of onset, and body mass index (BMI) than prior multi-year prospective studies.

Structured Problem Solving (SPS) is a patient-centered approach to promoting behavior change that relies on productive collaboration between coaches and participants and reinforces participant autonomy. We aimed to describe the design, implementation, and assessment of SPS in the multicenter Prevention of Urinary Stones with Hydration (PUSH) randomized trial.

This study evaluates longitudinal associations between glycaemic control, measured by mean and within-patient variability of glycated haemaglobin (HbA1c) levels, and major depressive disorder (MDD) in individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D), focusing on the timings of these diagnoses.

The aim of the present study was to assess the relationship between adolescent IQ and midlife alcohol use and to explore possible mediators of this relationship.

The impacts of prenatal maternal affective symptoms on the placental structure are not well-established. Employing Geographic Information System (GIS) spatial autocorrelation, Moran's I, can help characterize placental thickness uniformity/variability and evaluate the impacts of maternal distress on placental topography.

The increased prevalence of visual impairment among diabetes patients has become a major global public health problem. Although numerous primary studies have been conducted to determine the prevalence of visual impairment and its associated factors among diabetes patients in Ethiopia, these studies presented inconsistent findings. Therefore, this review aimed to determine the pooled prevalence of visual impairment and identify associated factors among diabetes patients.

By 2040, 21.6% of Americans will be over age 65, and the population of those older than age 85 is estimated to reach 14.4 million. Although not causative, older age is a risk factor for dementia: every 5 years beyond age 65, the risk doubles; approximately one-third of those older than age 85 are diagnosed with dementia. As current alcohol consumption among older adults is significantly higher compared to previous generations, a pressing question is whether drinking alcohol increases the risk for Alzheimer's disease or other forms of dementia.

Hundreds of trials have evaluated Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR), but in the United States, it is generally not covered by health insurance. Consequently, the aims were to identify the following: (1) key questions to make decisions about , , and MBSR should be covered by health insurance; (2a) barriers and (2b) facilitators to understand and resolve for MBSR to be covered by health insurance; and (3) highest priority evidence needed to inform health insurance coverage decisions.

The negative effects of stigma and discrimination in communities and families include medication non-adherence, heightened psychological distress, verbal and physical abuse, a lack of social support, isolation, and dangerous health behaviors such as hiding prescriptions. Despite the huge burden of HIV/AIDS discriminatory attitudes, limited studies were conducted in Ghana. Therefore, this study examines the burden of discriminatory attitudes and their determinant factors on people who are living with HIV/AIDS in Ghana.

The collection and analysis of sensitive data in large-scale consortia for statistical genetics is hampered by multiple challenges, due to their non-shareable nature. Time-consuming issues in installing software frequently arise due to different operating systems, software dependencies, and limited internet access. For federated analysis across sites, it can be challenging to resolve different problems, including format requirements, data wrangling, setting up analysis on high-performance computing (HPC) facilities, etc. Easier, more standardized, automated protocols and pipelines can be solutions to overcome these issues. We have developed one such solution for statistical genetic data analysis using software container technologies. This solution, named COSGAP: "COntainerized Statistical Genetics Analysis Pipelines," consists of already established software tools placed into Singularity containers, alongside corresponding code and instructions on how to perform statistical genetic analyses, such as genome-wide association studies, polygenic scoring, LD score regression, Gaussian Mixture Models, and gene-set analysis. Using provided helper scripts written in Python, users can obtain auto-generated scripts to conduct the desired analysis either on HPC facilities or on a personal computer. COSGAP is actively being applied by users from different countries and projects to conduct genetic data analyses without spending much effort on software installation, converting data formats, and other technical requirements.

The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health among healthcare workers has been widely reported during the initial and ongoing phases of the COVID-19 pandemic. Yet, little remains known about the mental health status of primary healthcare workers in China during the post-pandemic era.

Benfotiamine provides an important novel therapeutic direction in Alzheimer's disease (AD) with possible additive or synergistic effects to amyloid targeting therapeutic approaches.

Suicide is one of the leading causes of death among adolescents. This study aimed to compare the characteristics and short-term outcomes of Turkish and American adolescents with suicide attempts and determine the differences in management and resource utilization between two pediatric emergency departments; one in Türkiye and one in the United States of America.

Arts therapies offer effective non-pharmacological intervention for Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders (SIMDs), encompassing both passive and active modalities. This review assesses their effectiveness and ethical considerations, focusing on music therapy, meditation, and Tai Chi.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/ijph.2023.1606160.].