Providing a taxonomy for social cognition: how to bridge the gap between expert opinion, empirical data, and theoretical models

J Psychiatry Neurosci. 2025 May 8;50(3):E157-E161. doi: 10.1503/jpn.240156. Print 2025 May-Jun.

ABSTRACT

The terminology used to describe components of social cognition lacks clarity and specificity. Recent studies have tried to reach consensus on definitions of social cognition based on expert opinion. These efforts resulted in semantically well-defined terms and distinct concepts, but it remains unclear whether these terms also align with empirical data and existing theoretical models of social cognition. In this commentary, we examine whether the proposed definitions for social cognition are supported by clinical observations and the extant knowledge base on the underlying neural substrates of these skills. In addition, we consider how the proposed definitions align with existing theoretical models of social cognition. We argue that consensus should not be based solely on expert opinion. Therefore, we propose an updated biopsychosocial model of social cognition that integrates proposed expert definitions with a theoretical model of social cognition based on empirical data: the Hierarchical Interdependent Taxonomy of Social cognition (HITS) model. The HITS model guides future research, helps to address the poor construct validity that has been revealed for several tests of social cognition, and provides a framework for the assessment of social cognition.

PMID:40341224 | DOI:10.1503/jpn.240156