Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2024 Jul 15:S1081-1206(24)00426-5. doi: 10.1016/j.anai.2024.07.005. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: There are marked sex differences in the prevalence and severity of asthma, both during childhood and adulthood. There is a relative lack of comprehensive studies exploring sex differences in pediatric asthma cohorts.

OBJECTIVE: To identify the most relevant sex differences in sociodemographic, clinical, and laboratory variables in a well-characterized large pediatric asthma cohort.

METHODS: We performed a cross-sectional analysis of the Mayo Clinic Olmsted County Birth Cohort. In the full birth cohort, we employed a natural language processing algorithm based on the Predetermined Asthma Criteria for asthma ascertainment. In a stratified random sample of 300 children, we obtained additional pulmonary function tests and laboratory data. We identified the significant sex differences among available sociodemographic, clinical, and laboratory variables.

RESULTS: Boys were more commonly diagnosed with asthma than girls and were younger at the time of asthma diagnosis. There were no sex differences in relation to socioeconomic status. We identified a male predominance in the presence of a tympanostomy tube and a female predominance in the history of pneumonia. A higher percentage of boys had an FEV1/FVC ratio <0.85. Blood eosinophilia and atopic sensitization were also more common in boys. Finally, boys had higher levels of serum periostin than girls.

CONCLUSION: This study describes significant sex differences in a large pediatric asthma cohort. Overall, boys had earlier and more severe asthma than girls. Differences in blood eosinophilia and serum periostin provide insights into possible mechanisms of the sex bias in childhood asthma.

PMID:39019434 | DOI:10.1016/j.anai.2024.07.005