Common characteristics of indeterminate non-accidental motor vehicle-related fatalities in Michigan: A retrospective review

J Forensic Leg Med. 2026 Apr 16;120:103142. doi: 10.1016/j.jflm.2026.103142. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Motor vehicle-related fatalities are commonly certified as accidental deaths in many jurisdictions across the United States. However, a subset of these deaths are certified as indeterminate (or undetermined), and they may pose a challenge for medical examiners/coroners (ME/C).

METHODS: This study reviews 31 non-accidental motor vehicle-related fatalities in Michigan between 1999 and 2023 to determine whether any factors can be identified to differentiate suicidal and homicidal deaths from deaths that were certified as indeterminate. Demographic characteristics, autopsy findings, medical history, social history, investigative data, and witness statements were examined for the presence of factors that may aid in certifying the manner of death.

RESULTS: Indeterminate deaths were associated with alcohol and/or drug intoxication. Regression analysis revealed that past suicidality, recent social stressors, and verbal intent were associated with suicide. Characteristics associated with homicide included verbal intent and driving intent. Sex, race, and age showed no significant differences across the non-accidental manners of death.

CONCLUSION: This research enhances the understanding of factors influencing the certification of an indeterminate manner of death in non-accidental motor vehicle-related fatalities, thereby supporting accurate determinations, and informing prevention strategies.

PMID:42008880 | DOI:10.1016/j.jflm.2026.103142