Depressive symptoms among community service doctors in South Africa

S Afr Med J. 2026 Jun 2;116(5):e3388. doi: 10.7196/SAMJ.2026.v116i5.3388.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Medical doctors face occupational stressors threatening their mental health, particularly junior doctors in South Africa. There is a higher prevalence of depressive symptoms among medical doctors compared with the general population. The consequences of this to health systems and the patients doctors treat is a major public health concern. In South Africa, prevalence of depressive symptoms among community service doctors servicing public sector healthcare is largely unknown.

OBJECTIVES: To determine the prevalence of possible depression, and predictive factors thereof, among doctors in their community service year in South Africa.

METHODS: A national descriptive cross-sectional survey was distributed electronically between October and December 2022. The Patient Health Questionnaire 9 (PHQ-9) was used to screen for depression. Demographic, occupational and individual characteristics were included as potential predictive factors.

RESULTS: A total of 217 participants were included in the analyses. Prevalence of depressive symptoms was 96.3% (standard error 0.13, 95% confidence interval 92.87 – 98.40%). Predictors of higher scores included: women, drug use, feeling neutral or disagreeing that one worked outside of normal working hours, working in KwaZulu-Natal or North West, burnout (emotional exhaustion), working in orthopaedics, obstetrics and gynaecology departments or the National Health Laboratory Service, first choice of placement, financial difficulties, and accessing mental health services. Predictors of a lower score included: perceiving sufficient resources at work, using colleagues to cope, good work-life balance, and certain departments, particularly neurosurgery.

CONCLUSION: There is an extremely high prevalence of depressive symptoms among community service doctors. Supporting these doctors at an individual, organisational and structural level should be a priority for national policy-makers.

PMID:42246856 | DOI:10.7196/SAMJ.2026.v116i5.3388