Effectiveness of a health belief model-based training on enhancing violence-preventive behaviors among older women: a quasi-experimental study
AI Summary
HBM-based training significantly improved knowledge, attitudes, HBM constructs, self-efficacy and violence-preventive behaviours among older women (P < 0.05).
Quasi-experimental trial with 140 rural older women, randomised into experimental and control groups, six face-to-face HBM sessions, outcomes measured pre and two months post.
Recommendation: integrate theory-driven HBM education into primary healthcare to empower older women and promote evidence-based violence prevention behaviours.
BACKGROUND: Evidence on violence against women predominantly focuses on those of reproductive age, leaving a gap regarding older women. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a Health Belief Model (HBM)-based training on enhancing violence-preventive behaviors among older women referring to rural health centers in Kharameh City in 2024.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: This quasi-experimental study was conducted on 140 older women allocated into experimental (n = 70) and control (n = 70) groups using a multi-stage cluster and simple random sampling method. Data were collected using a standard HBM-based questionnaire before and two months post-intervention. The experimental group received six face-to-face HBM-focused training sessions. Data were analyzed using SPSS-27 via paired t-test, independent t-test, and chi-square tests.
RESULTS: Pre-intervention, no statistically significant differences were observed between the two groups across all HBM constructs and behaviors (P > 0.05). Post-intervention, the experimental group showed statistically significant improvements in knowledge, attitude, perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefits, perceived barriers, cues to action, self-efficacy, and preventive behaviors compared to the control group (P < 0.05).
CONCLUSION: The HBM-based training intervention significantly enhanced violence-preventive behaviors among older women. Integrating such theory-driven educational programs into primary healthcare settings may empower older women by promoting their self-efficacy and adopting evidence-based preventive behaviors.
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