Use of the Golden Gate Cloning Technique for Plasmid Construction to Generate Conditional Lethal Mutants in C. difficile

Methods Mol Biol. 2026;3046:29-45. doi: 10.1007/978-1-0716-5328-9_3.

ABSTRACT

Conditional lethal mutants are a valuable tool for studying essential genes in bacteria, as they allow for the controlled expression of the gene of interest under specific conditions. In this study, we present a protocol for generating conditional lethal mutants in Clostridioides difficile using the Golden Gate cloning technique. The strategy involves two steps: (1) introducing an inducible copy of the gene of interest (lcpB, in the example) into the erythromycin resistance locus of C. difficile by allelic exchange and (2) deleting the native copy of the gene(s) of interest (lcpA and lcpB in the example) by allelic exchange. The protocol utilizes pseudo-suicide vectors carrying antibiotic resistance genes and the Golden Gate assembly method for efficient plasmid construction. The expression of the gene of interest can be modulated by varying the concentration of the inducer anhydrotetracycline, allowing for the observation of phenotypes associated with low gene expression. This technique provides a powerful approach for understanding the functions of essential genes in C. difficile and can be adapted for studying essential genes in other bacteria.

PMID:42096147 | DOI:10.1007/978-1-0716-5328-9_3