Views on climate change, climate action and mental health, in young people with and without existing depression symptoms: A qualitative study

AI Summary

Climate change increases anxiety and depression in young people, with those already experiencing depression showing greater pessimism and vulnerability.
Young people endorse individual, non-disruptive actions, combined local and global efforts, and clear leadership from politicians and institutions.
Climate communication should balance hope and fear and be tailored to protect youth mental health, recognising differing needs by depression status.

J Clim Chang Health. 2025 Dec 24;27:100606. doi: 10.1016/j.joclim.2025.100606. eCollection 2026 Jan-Feb.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Youth mental health is in crisis. Climate change has the potential to tip more young people into depression and anxiety. Knowing how young people with and without depression symptoms view climate change could guide interventions to mitigate against climate induced mental health issues.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: We carried out in-depth, semi-structured interviews with (N = 27) young people aged 18-25 (M_age = 20.3 years). Participants were grouped as healthy controls (C, N = 16, < 16 score on Mood and Feelings Questionnaire, MFQ) or had high depression symptoms (HD, N = 11, ≥ 27, MFQ). Using thematic analysis, we explored participants views on climate change, climate action, climate messaging, climate agency and mental health.

RESULTS: From the interviews, eight key themes emerged: (1) Negative environmental events – Climate change was understood as ranging from weather changes to natural disasters. (2) Mental health impacts – Most participants reported increased anxiety and depression, with the HD group being more pessimistic about climate change prevention. (3) Benefits of action – Focus on individual efforts. (4) Non-disruptive vs. disruptive actions – Preference for non-disruptive solutions. (5) Hope and Fear in climate messaging – balance is needed. (6) Local and global action – Emphasis on combining both approaches. (7) Leadership – Responsibility placed on politicians, institutions, and environmentalists. (8) Shared responsibility – Families, educators, governments, and celebrities all have a role in climate action.

CONCLUSION: These findings offer valuable insights into the perspectives of young people with and without existing symptoms of depression. Notably, identifying differences-such as varying levels of climate pessimism-based on depression status highlights the importance of climate communication strategies that not only effectively address climate change but also safeguard youth mental health. This is important as those with existing depression symptoms may be more vulnerable to the psychological impacts of climate change.

PMID:42164941 | PMC:PMC13184488 | DOI:10.1016/j.joclim.2025.100606

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