Data Analytics and Psychiatry

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) leads to death within 2-5 yr. Currently, available drugs only slightly prolong survival. We present novel insights into the pathophysiology of (SOD1)- and in particular (FUS)-ALS by revealing a supposedly central role of glycolic acid (GA) and D-lactic acid (DL)-both putative products of the Parkinson's disease associated glyoxylase DJ-1. Combined, not single, treatment with GA/DL restored axonal organelle phenotypes of mitochondria and lysosomes in FUS- and SOD1-ALS patient-derived motoneurons (MNs). This was not only accompanied by restoration of mitochondrial membrane potential but even dependent on it. Despite presenting an axonal transport deficiency as well, TDP43 patient-derived MNs did not share mitochondrial depolarization and did not respond to GA/DL treatment. GA and DL also restored cytoplasmic mislocalization of FUS and FUS recruitment to DNA damage sites, recently reported being upstream of the mitochondrial phenotypes in FUS-ALS. Whereas these data point towards the necessity of individualized (gene-) specific therapy stratification, it also suggests common therapeutic targets across different neurodegenerative diseases characterized by mitochondrial depolarization.

There is an appreciable mental health treatment gap in the United States. Efforts to bridge this gap and improve resource accessibility have led to the provision of online, clinically-validated tools for mental health self-assessment. In theory, these screens serve as an invaluable component of information-seeking, representing the preparative and action-oriented stages of this process while altering or reinforcing the search content and language of individuals as they engage with information online. Accordingly, this work investigated the association of screen completion with mental health-related search behaviors. Three-year internet search histories from 7,572 Microsoft Bing users were paired with their respective depression, anxiety, bipolar disorder, or psychosis online screen completion and sociodemographic data available through Mental Health America. Data was transformed into network representations to model queries as discrete steps with probabilities and times-to-transition from one search type to another. Search data subsequent to screen completion was also modeled using Markov chains to simulate likelihood trajectories of different search types through time. Differences in querying dynamics relative to screen completion were observed, with searches involving treatment, diagnosis, suicidal ideation, and suicidal intent commonly emerging as the highest probability behavioral information seeking endpoints. Moreover, results pointed to the association of low risk states of psychopathology with transitions to extreme clinical outcomes (i.e., active suicidal intent). Future research is required to draw definitive conclusions regarding causal relationships between screens and search behavior.

Compared with other age groups, adolescents living with HIV (ALHIV) are estimated to have lower levels of adherence to antiretroviral treatment. Despite this, we lack evidence on adolescents' adherence patterns over time to inform the customization of intervention strategies.

This paper describes the design and implementation of an online survey experiment to investigate the effects of alcohol warning labels on alcohol-related knowledge, risk perceptions and intentions.

This is a protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis of research on mental health outcomes of abortion. Does abortion increase the risk of adverse mental health outcomes? That is the central question for this review. Our review aims to inform policy and practice by locating, critically appraising, and synthesizing empirical evidence on associations between abortion and subsequent mental health outcomes. Given the controversies surrounding this topic and the complex social, political, legal, and ideological contexts in which research and reviews on abortion are conducted, it is especially important to conduct this systematic review and meta-analysis with comprehensive, rigorous, unbiased, and transparent methods. We will include a variety of study designs to enhance understanding of studies' methodological strengths and weaknesses and to identify potential explanations for conflicting results. We will follow open science principles, providing access to our methods, measures, and results, and making data available for re-analysis.

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is common following first-episode psychosis (FEP), contributing to substantial morbidity and mortality. The Psychosis Metabolic Risk Calculator (PsyMetRiC), a risk prediction algorithm for MetS following a FEP diagnosis, was developed in the United Kingdom and has been validated in other European populations. However, the predictive accuracy of PsyMetRiC in Chinese populations is unknown.

Vascular disease is a treatable contributor to dementia risk, but the role of specific markers remains unclear, making prevention strategies uncertain.

Investigating asthma as an effect modifier between adverse birth outcomes and neurodevelopmental disabilities (NDDs) across different races is crucial for tailored interventions and understanding variable susceptibility among diverse populations.

Mounting evidence shows that Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by the propagation of tau aggregates throughout the brain in a prion-like manner. Since current pathology imaging technologies only provide a spatial mapping of tau accumulation, computational modeling becomes indispensable in analyzing the spatiotemporal propagation patterns of widespread tau aggregates from the longitudinal data. However, current state-of-the-art works focus on the longitudinal change of focal patterns, lacking a system-level understanding of the tau propagation mechanism that can explain and forecast the cascade of tau accumulation. To address this limitation, we conceptualize that the intercellular spreading of tau pathology forms a dynamic system where each node (brain region) is ubiquitously wired with other nodes while interacting with the build-up of pathological burdens. In this context, we formulate the biological process of tau spreading in a principled potential energy transport model (constrained by brain network topology), which allows us to develop an explainable neural network for uncovering the spatiotemporal dynamics of tau propagation from the longitudinal tau-PET scans. Specifically, we first translate the transport equation into a GNN (graph neural network) backbone, where the spreading flows are essentially driven by the potential energy of tau accumulation at each node. Conventional GNNs employ a l-norm graph smoothness prior, resulting in nearly equal potential energies across nodes, leading to vanishing flows. Following this clue, we introduce the total variation (TV) into the graph transport model, where the nature of system's Euler-Lagrange equations is to maximize the spreading flow while minimizing the overall potential energy. On top of this min-max optimization scenario, we design a generative adversarial network (GAN-like) to characterize the TV-based spreading flow of tau aggregates, coined TauFlowNet. We evaluate our TauFlowNet on ADNI and OASIS datasets in terms of the prediction accuracy of future tau accumulation and explore the propagation mechanism of tau aggregates as the disease progresses. Compared to the current counterpart methods, our physics-informed deep model yields more accurate and interpretable results, demonstrating great potential in discovering novel neurobiological mechanisms through the lens of machine learning.

Antiseizure medications (ASMs) during the first trimester of pregnancy have been associated with an increased risk of miscarriage.

Approaching the 30th anniversary of the discovery of resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rsfMRI) functional connectivity, we reflect on the impact of this neuroimaging breakthrough on the field of child and adolescent psychiatry. The study of intrinsic functional brain architecture that rsfMRI affords across a wide range of ages and abilities has yielded numerous key insights. For example, we now know that many neurodevelopmental conditions are associated with more widespread circuit alterations across multiple large-scale brain networks than previously suspected. The emergence of population neuroscience and effective data-sharing initiatives have made large rsfMRI datasets publicly available, providing sufficient power to begin to identify brain-based subtypes within heterogeneous clinical conditions. Nevertheless, several methodological and theoretical challenges must still be addressed to fulfill the promises of personalized child and adolescent psychiatry. In particular, incomplete understanding of the physiological mechanisms driving developmental changes in intrinsic functional connectivity remains an obstacle to further progress. Future directions include cross-species and multimodal neuroimaging investigations to illuminate such mechanisms. Data collection and harmonization efforts that span multiple countries and diverse cohorts are urgently needed. Finally, incorporating naturalistic fMRI paradigms such as movie watching should be a priority for future research efforts.

Migration is a well-established risk factor for psychotic disorders, and migrant language has been proposed as a novel factor that may improve our understanding of this relationship. Our objective was to explore the association between indicators of linguistic distance and the risk of psychotic disorders among first-generation migrant groups.

We tested if baseline disruptive child behavior problem severity predicts parental attendance at sessions of a parenting group program.

Early, accurate diagnosis of neurodegenerative dementia subtypes such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD) is crucial for the effectiveness of their treatments. However, distinguishing these conditions becomes challenging when symptoms overlap or the conditions present atypically. Resting-state fMRI (rs-fMRI) studies have demonstrated condition-specific alterations in AD, FTD, and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) compared to healthy controls (HC). Here, we used machine learning to build a diagnostic classification model based on these alterations. We curated all rs-fMRIs and their corresponding clinical information from the ADNI and FTLDNI databases. Imaging data underwent preprocessing, time course extraction, and feature extraction in preparation for the analyses. The imaging features data and clinical variables were fed into gradient-boosted decision trees with fivefold nested cross-validation to build models that classified four groups: AD, FTD, HC, and MCI. The mean and 95% confidence intervals for model performance metrics were calculated using the unseen test sets in the cross-validation rounds. The model built using only imaging features achieved 74.4% mean balanced accuracy, 0.94 mean macro-averaged AUC, and 0.73 mean macro-averaged F1 score. It accurately classified FTD (F1 = 0.99), HC (F1 = 0.99), and MCI (F1 = 0.86) fMRIs but mostly misclassified AD scans as MCI (F1 = 0.08). Adding clinical variables to model inputs raised balanced accuracy to 91.1%, macro-averaged AUC to 0.99, macro-averaged F1 score to 0.92, and improved AD classification accuracy (F1 = 0.74). In conclusion, a multimodal model based on rs-fMRI and clinical data accurately differentiates AD-MCI vs. FTD vs. HC.

Accumulating studies have assessed mortality risk associated with mood-stabilizers, the mainstay treatment for bipolar disorder (BD). However, existing data were mostly restricted to suicide risk, focused on lithium and valproate and rarely adequately adjusted for potential confounders. This study aimed to assess comparative mortality risk with all, natural and unnatural causes between lithium, valproate and three frequently prescribed second-generation antipsychotics (SGA), with adjustment for important confounders.

While past research suggested that living arrangements are associated with suicide death, no study has examined the impact of sustained living arrangements and the change in living arrangements. Also, previous survival analysis studies only reported a single hazard ratio (HR), whereas the actual HR may change over time. We aimed to address these limitations using causal inference approaches.

In our previous paper on the Future of Cognitive Remediation published more than 10 years ago, we envisaged an imminent and wide implementation of cognitive remediation therapies into mental health services. This optimism was misplaced. Despite evidence of the benefits, costs, and savings of this intervention, access is still sparse. The therapy has made its way into some treatment guidance, but these documents weight the same evidence very differently, causing confusion, and do not consider barriers to implementation. This paper revisits our previous agenda and describes how some challenges were overcome but some remain. The scientific community, with its commitment to Open Science, has produced promising sets of empirical data to explore the mechanisms of treatment action. This same community needs to understand the specific and nonspecific effects of cognitive remediation if we are to provide a formulation-based approach that can be widely implemented. In the last 10 years we have learned that cognitive remediation is not "brain training" but is a holistic therapy that involves an active therapist providing motivation support, and who helps to mitigate the impact of cognitive difficulties through metacognition to develop awareness of cognitive approaches to problems. We conclude that, of course, more research is needed but, in addition and perhaps more importantly at this stage, we need more public and health professionals' understanding of the benefits of this therapy to inform and include this approach as part of treatment regimens.

Cognitive control (CC) involves a top-down mechanism to flexibly respond to complex stimuli and is impaired in schizophrenia.

To develop a combined index using cognitive function and instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) to discriminate between Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) scores of 0.5 and 1 in the clinical setting, and to investigate its optimal cutoff values and internal and external validities. We included outpatients aged 65-89 years with CDR scores of 0.5 or 1. The optimal cutoff values and internal validity were verified using Japanese memory clinic-based datasets between September 2010 and October 2021 [National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology (NCGG) datasets]. Cognitive function and IADL were assessed using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Lawton Index (LI), respectively. The optimal cutoff values were defined using the Youden Index. To verify internal validity, sensitivity and specificity were calculated using stratified 5-fold cross-validation. To verify external validity, sensitivity and specificity of the optimal cutoff values were assessed in the Organized Registration for the Assessment of dementia on Nationwide General consortium toward Effective treatment (ORANGE) Registry dataset between July 2015 and March 2022, which has multicenter clinical data. A total of 800 (mean age, 77.53 years; men, 50.1%) and 1494 (mean age, 77.97 years; men, 43.3%) participants comprised the NCGG and ORANGE Registry datasets, respectively. The optimum cutoff values for men and women were determined as MMSE < 25 and LI < 5 and MMSE < 25 and LI < 8, respectively; such a combined index showed good discriminative performance in internal (sensitivity/specificity: men, 92.50/73.52; women, 88.57/65.65) and external validities (men, 81.43/77.62; women, 77.64/74.67). The index developed is useful in discriminating between CDR scores of 0.5 and 1 and should be applicable to various settings, such as memory clinics and clinical research.

Individuals with unhealthy alcohol use and comorbid depression or anxiety may be vulnerable to alcohol use escalation in times of stress such as the COVID-19 pandemic. Among a cohort of individuals with pre-pandemic unhealthy drinking, we compared changes in alcohol use by whether people had a depression or anxiety diagnosis, and examined whether mental health treatment was related to these changes.

Despite the importance for understanding mechanisms of change, little is known about the order of change in daily life emotions, cognitions, and behaviors during treatment of depression. This study examined the within-person temporal order of emotional, cognitive, and behavioral improvements using ecological momentary assessment data.

Intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) and/or endovascular therapy (EVT) are currently considered best practices in acute stroke patients. Data regarding the efficacy and safety of reperfusion therapies in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) are conflicting as regards haemorrhagic transformation, mortality, and functional outcome. This study sought to investigate for any differences, in terms of safety and effectiveness, between AF patients with acute ischaemic stroke (AIS) treated and untreated with reperfusion therapies.

Glucagon-like-peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RA) have transformed type 2 diabetes (T2D) and obesity management. Multiple regulatory agencies are investigating reported associations between GLP1-RA and increased suicide attempts (SA), but observational data may be prone to confounding. Randomised control trials (RCT) of GLP-1RA were largely undertaken in people at lower risk of SA. Real-world data suggest semaglutide use associates with reduced suicidal ideation and depression but was under-powered to statistically assess risk of SA. Mendelian randomisation (MR) leverages genetic instrument(s) to infer potential causal association between an exposure and an outcome. We undertook MR using missense variants in the gene encoding GLP1R that improve glycemia, lower T2D risk and/or lower BMI, to investigate potential causal association between GLP-1RA and SA. In people of European ancestry, MR did not find evidence genetically proxied GLP1RA increased SA in a general population cohort: (rs10305492, exposure: HbA1c, odds ratio [OR] and 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.38, 0.41-4.62, p = .60), (rs10305492, exposure: FG, OR 1.27, 0.52-3.13, p = .60) and (rs1042044, exposure BMI, OR 0.30, 0.06-1.48) with concordant results in a multi-ancestry SA case-control cohort. In conclusion, we did not find MR evidence that increased GLP-1RA impacts SA. This awaits confirmation with RCT and real-world data.

Neurofilament heavy-chain gene (NEFH) variants are associated with multiple neurodegenerative diseases, however, their relationship with ALS has not been robustly explored. Still, NEFH is commonly included in genetic screening panels worldwide. We therefore aimed to determine if NEFH variants modify ALS risk.

The present study aimed to evaluate data from patients admitted to the first-episode psychotic (FEP) outpatient clinic at the Hospital of Clinics of the Federal University of Pernambuco from July 2018 to July 2021, seeking to identify factors related to better clinical outcomes.

Subjective cognitive decline (SCD) is an early stage of dementia linked to Alzheimer's disease pathology. White matter changes were found in SCD using diffusion tensor imaging, but there are known limitations in voxel-wise tensor-based methods. Fixel-based analysis (FBA) can help understand changes in white matter fibers and how they relate to neurodegenerative proteins and multidomain behavior data in individuals with SCD.

Sleep is essential to life. Accurate measurement and classification of sleep/wake and sleep stages is important in clinical studies for sleep disorder diagnoses and in the interpretation of data from consumer devices for monitoring physical and mental well-being. Existing non-polysomnography sleep classification techniques mainly rely on heuristic methods developed in relatively small cohorts. Thus, we aimed to establish the accuracy of wrist-worn accelerometers for sleep stage classification and subsequently describe the association between sleep duration and efficiency (proportion of total time asleep when in bed) with mortality outcomes. We developed a self-supervised deep neural network for sleep stage classification using concurrent laboratory-based polysomnography and accelerometry. After exclusion, 1448 participant nights of data were used for training. The difference between polysomnography and the model classifications on the external validation was 34.7 min (95% limits of agreement (LoA): -37.8-107.2 min) for total sleep duration, 2.6 min for REM duration (95% LoA: -68.4-73.4 min) and 32.1 min (95% LoA: -54.4-118.5 min) for NREM duration. The sleep classifier was deployed in the UK Biobank with 100,000 participants to study the association of sleep duration and sleep efficiency with all-cause mortality. Among 66,214 UK Biobank participants, 1642 mortality events were observed. Short sleepers (<6 h) had a higher risk of mortality compared to participants with normal sleep duration of 6-7.9 h, regardless of whether they had low sleep efficiency (Hazard ratios (HRs): 1.58; 95% confidence intervals (CIs): 1.19-2.11) or high sleep efficiency (HRs: 1.45; 95% CIs: 1.16-1.81). Deep-learning-based sleep classification using accelerometers has a fair to moderate agreement with polysomnography. Our findings suggest that having short overnight sleep confers mortality risk irrespective of sleep continuity.

Observational studies of anesthetic neurotoxicity may be biased because children requiring anesthesia commonly have medical conditions associated with neurobehavioral problems. This study takes advantage of a natural experiment associated with appendicitis, in order to determine if anesthesia and surgery in childhood were specifically associated with subsequent neurobehavioral outcomes.

In 2019, the Council of Europe agreed to urge member states to take steps toward total abolition of psychiatric coercive measures.

Suicide and non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) are preventable concerns in young people. Suicidal ideation (SI), suicidal plans (SP) and suicidal attempt (SA) are closely related to death. Sleep problems are known risk factors for suicide and NSSI. This study aimed to explore the relationship between sleep, suicidality and NSSI.

Electrocardiogram (ECG) is widely considered the primary test for evaluating cardiovascular diseases. However, the use of artificial intelligence (AI) to advance these medical practices and learn new clinical insights from ECGs remains largely unexplored. We hypothesize that AI models with a specific design can provide fine-grained interpretation of ECGs to advance cardiovascular diagnosis, stratify mortality risks, and identify new clinically useful information.

Prenatal antidepressant exposure has been reported to be associated with adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes, yet studies considering confounding factors in Asian populations are lacking. This study utilized a nationwide data base in Taiwan, enrolling all liveborn children registered in the National Health Insurance system between 2004 and 2016. Subjects were divided into two groups: antidepressant-exposed (n = 55,707)) and antidepressant-unexposed group (n = 2,245,689). The effect of antidepressant exposure during different trimesters on autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) was examined. Sibling controls and parallel comparisons by paternal exposure status were treated as negative controls. Additional sensitivity analyses were conducted to examine the effects of antidepressant exposure before and after pregnancy. Prenatal antidepressant exposure was associated with increased risks of ASD and ADHD in population-wide and adjusted analysis. However when comparing antidepressant-exposed children with their unexposed siblings, no differences were found for ASD (Hazard ratio [HR]: 1.04, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.76-1.42 in first trimester; HR: 0.96, 95% CI 0.62-1.50 in second trimester; HR: 0.69, 95% CI 0.32-1.48 in third trimester) and ADHD (HR: 0.98, 95%CI 0.84-1.15 in first trimester; HR: 0.91, 95% CI 0.73-1.14 in second trimester; HR: 0.79, 95% CI 0.54-1.16 in third trimester). Increased risks for ASD and ADHD were also noted in paternal control, before and after pregnancy analyses. These results imply that the association between prenatal antidepressant exposure and ASD and ADHD is not contributed to by an intrauterine medication effect but more likely to be accounted for by maternal depression, genetic, and potential environmental factors.

There are around 250 million adolescents (10-19 years) in India. The prevalence of mental health-related morbidity among adolescents in India is approximately 7.3%. Vulnerable subpopulations among adolescents such as those living in slum communities are particularly at risk due to poor living conditions, financial difficulty and limited access to support services. Adolescents' Resilience and Treatment nEeds for Mental Health in Indian Slums (ARTEMIS) is a cluster randomised controlled trial of an intervention that intends to improve the mental health of adolescents living in slum communities in India. The aim of this paper is to describe the process evaluation protocol for ARTEMIS trial. The process evaluation will help to explain the intervention outcomes and understand how and why the intervention worked or did not work. It will identify contextual factors, intervention barriers and facilitators and the adaptations required for optimising implementation.

The underlying brain mechanisms of ketamine in treating chronic suicidality and the characteristics of patients who will benefit from ketamine treatment remain unclear. To address these gaps, we investigated temporal variations of brain functional synchronisation in patients with suicidality treated with ketamine in a 6-week open-label oral ketamine trial. The trial's primary endpoint was the Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation (BSS). Patients who experienced greater than 50% improvement in BSS scores or had a BSS score less than 6 at the post-treatment and follow-up (10 weeks) visits were considered responders and persistent responders, respectively. The reoccurring and transient connectivity pattern (termed brain state) from 29 patients (45.6 years ± 14.5, 15 females) were investigated by dynamic functional connectivity analysis of resting-state functional MRI at the baseline, post-treatment, and follow-up. Post-treatment patients showed significantly more (FDR-Q = 0.03) transitions among whole brain states than at baseline. We also observed increased dwelling time (FDR-Q = 0.04) and frequency (FDR-Q = 0.04) of highly synchronised brain state at follow-up, which were significantly correlated with BSS scores (both FDR-Q = 0.008). At baseline, persistent responders had higher fractions (FDR-Q = 0.03, Cohen's d = 1.39) of a cognitive control network state with high connectivities than non-responders. These findings suggested that ketamine enhanced brain changes among different synchronisation patterns and enabled high synchronisation patterns in the long term, providing a possible biological pathway for its suicide-prevention effects. Moreover, differences in cognitive control states at baseline may be used for precise ketamine treatment planning.

APOE is the major genetic risk factor for sporadic Alzheimer's disease (AD). Although APOE is known to promote Aβ pathology, recent data also support an effect of APOE polymorphism on phosphorylated Tau (pTau) pathology. To elucidate these potential effects, the pTau interactome was analyzed across APOE genotypes in the frontal cortex of 10 advanced AD cases (n = 5 APOE and n = 5 APOE), using a combination of anti-pTau pS396/pS404 (PHF1) immunoprecipitation (IP) and mass spectrometry (MS). This proteomic approach was complemented by an analysis of anti-pTau PHF1 and anti-Aβ 4G8 immunohistochemistry, performed in the frontal cortex of 21 advanced AD cases (n = 11 APOE and n = 10 APOE). Our dataset includes 1130 and 1330 proteins enriched in IP samples from APOE and APOE groups (fold change ≥ 1.50, IP vs IP). We identified 80 and 68 proteins as probable pTau interactors in APOE and APOE groups, respectively (SAINT score ≥ 0.80; false discovery rate (FDR) ≤ 5%). A total of 47/80 proteins were identified as more likely to interact with pTau in APOE vs APOE cases. Functional enrichment analyses showed that they were significantly associated with the nucleoplasm compartment and involved in RNA processing. In contrast, 35/68 proteins were identified as more likely to interact with pTau in APOE vs APOE cases. They were significantly associated with the synaptic compartment and involved in cellular transport. A characterization of Tau pathology in the frontal cortex showed a higher density of plaque-associated neuritic crowns, made of dystrophic axons and synapses, in APOE carriers. Cerebral amyloid angiopathy was more frequent and severe in APOE cases. Our study supports an influence of APOE genotype on pTau-subcellular location in AD. These results suggest a facilitation of pTau progression to Aβ-affected brain regions in APOE carriers, paving the way to the identification of new therapeutic targets.

Media use in children has exploded in the past several decades, most recently fuelled by portable electronic devices. This study aims to explore differences in functional brain connectivity in children during a story-listening functional MRI (fMRI) task using data collected before (1998) and after (2013) the widespread adoption of media.

This study aimed to validate the Chemotherapy-Induced Alopecia Distress Scale (CADS) in a diverse English-speaking population and patients with endocrine treatment-induced alopecia (EIA).

Patients with bipolar disorder (BD) show abnormalities in glucolipid metabolism and reproductive hormone levels, which are of concern in women with BD. This study was dedicated to investigating the glucolipid and reproductive hormone levels of female patients, and to preliminarily investigating their relationships with cognition.

Depression is the most common mental health outcome of exposure to war-related traumatic stressors. Due to inter-communal conflict, Dessie City residents have experienced prolonged armed conflict in 2021. This conflict leads to widespread violence, negative impact on mental health, and large-scale forced migration. However, the problem is not properly addressed in Ethiopia. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the prevalence and risk factors of depression in the war-affected area in Dessie City, Ethiopia.

Evidence regarding the relationship between fasting blood glucose (FBG) and suicide attempts (SA) in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) was limited. Therefore, the objective of this research was to investigate whether FBG was independently related to SA in Chinese patients with first-episode drug-naïve (FEDN) MDD after adjusting for other covariates.

Increased adiposity during pregnancy may be related to offspring risk for mental health disorders, although the biological mechanisms are poorly understood. One promising hypothesis is that factors secreted from adipocytes such as leptin and adiponectin may explain this association. The current study examined whether pregnancy or umbilical cord blood concentrations of leptin and/or adiponectin a) predict elevated infant negative affect at 6 months (an early life marker of risk for psychopathology); and b) help explain the association between pregnancy adiposity and increased infant negative affect.

To examine changes in cause-specific pregnancy-associated deaths during the COVID-19 pandemic by race and ethnicity and assess changes in racial and ethnic inequities in pregnancy-associated deaths. We used US vital statistics mortality data from 2018 to 2021 to identify pregnancy-associated deaths among females aged 15 to 44 years. We calculated crude pregnancy-associated death rates (deaths per 100 000 live births) by year, cause, and race/ethnicity, percent change in death rate, and the inequity (difference) in rate for each racial or ethnic group compared with non-Hispanic White people. The pregnancy-associated death rate for obstetric, drug-related, homicide, and other causes of death increased during 2020, and obstetric deaths continued to increase in 2021. Overall estimates mask 2021 increases in drug-related deaths among Hispanic, non-Hispanic American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN), and non-Hispanic Asian people; increases in homicide among most racial and ethnic groups; and increases in suicide among Hispanic, non-Hispanic AI/AN, and non-Hispanic Asian people. We found disproportionate increases in pregnancy-associated deaths from nonobstetric causes among minoritized racial and ethnic groups during the COVID-19 pandemic. (. Published online ahead of print May 16, 2024:e1-e10. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2024.307651).

Depressive symptoms are highly prevalent, present in heterogeneous symptom patterns, and share diverse neurobiological underpinnings. Understanding the links between psychopathological symptoms and biological factors is critical in elucidating its etiology and persistence. We aimed to evaluate the utility of using symptom-brain network models to parse the heterogeneity of depressive complaints in a large adolescent sample.

This study explored interest in injectable PrEP (I-PrEP) and willingness to participate in clinical trials testing new biomedical HIV prevention strategies among men and transfeminine persons who have sex with men (MSM & TGP), using data collected in the HIV Prevention Trials Network (HPTN) 075 study, which took place at sites in Kenya, Malawi, and South Africa. Data result from a survey among 267 18-44 years old HIV negative participants, complemented with semi-structured interviews with 80 purposively recruited persons. Correlations coefficients were calculated to identify demographic and psychosocial factors associated with interest in I-PrEP. Qualitative interviews were analyzed using concept-driven and subsequent data-driven coding. Most surveyed participants expressed an interest in I-PrEP. Quantitatively, only being interested in other HIV prevention measures was associated with interest in I-PrEP. Qualitatively, most participants preferred I-PrEP to O-PrEP and remained interested in I-PrEP despite barriers such as the somewhat invasive nature of the procedure and potential side effects of I-PrEP. Interest in I-PrEP was driven by the possibility of avoiding sexual or HIV stigma. Access to healthcare and altruism-such as assisting in the development of new HIV prevention methods-positively impacted willingness to participate in clinical trials. With I-PrEP favored by most participants, it is potentially a critical tool to prevent HIV infection among MSM & TGP in sub-Saharan Africa, with the mitigation of stigma as a major advance. Recruitment of MSM & TGP in biobehavioral clinical trials seems feasible, with altruistic reasons and receiving I-PrEP and free medical care as major motivators.

This study aims to conduct an exhaustive evaluation of Vilazodone's safety in clinical application and to unearth the potential adverse event (AE) risks associated with its utilization based on FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative condition for which there is currently no available medication that can stop its progression. Previous studies suggest that mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a phase that precedes the disease. Therefore, a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms behind MCI conversion to AD is needed.

Adolescents with depression tend to perceive behavior of parents as less positive than adolescents without depression, but conclusions are based on retrospective reports assessed once or over long time intervals, with the risk of memory biases affecting the recall. The current study used ecological momentary assessments to examine the link between adolescent affect and the amount of warmth and criticism expressed by both mothers and fathers in families with adolescents with depression versus adolescents without psychopathology in daily life. It also explored the possible bias by assessing parenting on the momentary, daily (EMA), and retrospective level. The sample consisted of 34 adolescents with depression and 58 parents and 80 healthy controls and 151 parents (adolescents: M = 15.8, SD = 1.41; 67.5% girls, parents: M = 49.3, SD = 5.73; 54.1% mothers). Participants completed retrospective questionnaires and four surveys a day for 14 consecutive days. Preregistered multilevel models showed that momentary parenting reports of adolescents with depression and healthy controls did not differ. The associations between perceived parenting of both mothers and fathers and adolescent affect did also not differ between the two groups. These results illustrate that adolescents generally benefit from supportive parenting, but substantial differences between individuals were found. In contrast to the momentary data, both adolescents with depression and their parents did report more negative parenting on retrospective questionnaires than healthy controls and their parents indicating that adolescents with depression may have a negativity bias in their retrospective recall. These findings are highly relevant for clinical practice and underscore the need for careful assessments on different time scales and including all family members.

Understanding the health consequences associated with exposure to risk factors is necessary to inform public health policy and practice. To systematically quantify the contributions of risk factor exposures to specific health outcomes, the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2021 aims to provide comprehensive estimates of exposure levels, relative health risks, and attributable burden of disease for 88 risk factors in 204 countries and territories and 811 subnational locations, from 1990 to 2021.

The use of individually preferred colored glasses has gained popularity with the expectation that it may improve balance control and sports performance, however, the results of previous studies remain inconclusive.

Bipolar disorder (BD) is a severe psychiatric disorder characterized by changes in mood that alternate between (hypo) mania or depression and mixed states, often associated with functional impairment and cognitive dysfunction. But little is known about biomarkers that contribute to the development and sustainment of cognitive deficits. The aim of this study was to review the association between neurocognition and biomarkers across different mood states.

Functional motor disorder-the motor variant of functional neurological disorder-is a disabling condition that is commonly associated with poor health outcomes. Pathophysiological models have inspired new treatment approaches such as specialist physiotherapy, although evidence from large randomised controlled trials is absent. We aimed to assess the clinical effectiveness of a specialist physiotherapy intervention for functional motor disorder compared with treatment as usual.

Definitions of long COVID are evolving, and optimal models of care are uncertain.

There have been conflicting reports regarding the case-fatality outcomes associated with sepsis and septic shock in patients with severe mental illness (SMI).

Our objective was to explore whether the extension of the PROMIS item bank Ability to Participate in Social Roles and Activities (APSRA) with new items would result in more effective targeting (i.e., selecting items that are appropriate for each individual's trait level), and more reliable measurements across all latent trait levels.

Primary dysmenorrhea is a common gynecological disorder that affects many women of reproductive age. Ginger, a widely used spice with anti-inflammatory properties, has been suggested as a potential treatment for the painful cramps associated with this condition. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate the efficacy of ginger for pain management in primary dysmenorrhea. Our systematic review was registered in Prospero (CRD42023418001). Six English (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, PsycINFO, CINAHL complete, and Cochrane) and one Persian electric database (SID) was searched up to May 2023 for English or Persian studies that measure the effect of ginger on pain in dysmenorrhea. The Cochrane tool was used to assess the risk of bias of the included studies. Random effects meta-analyses were performed to obtain standardized mean differences (SMD) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Out of the 804 articles initially identified from the search, 24 were included for qualitative analysis and 12 for quantitative analysis after a full-text evaluation. The combined results of the studies indicate that ginger is notably more effective than placebo in reducing both the intensity (SMD = -1.13; 95% CI = -1.59 to -0.68, = 81.05%) and duration of pain (SMD = -0.29; 95% CI = -0.46 to -0.12). There were no differences between ginger and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) (SMD = 0.01; 95% CI = -0.24 to 0.25), or exercise (SMD = 0.06; 95% CI = -0.66 to 0.78) for pain intensity. Safety-related data were infrequently reported. The results of this meta-analysis suggest that ginger can effectively reduce pain associated with dysmenorrhea. The findings are limited due to risk of bias in the included studies and the unclear risk-benefit ratio.

Rates of suicide have increased by over 35% since 1999. Despite concerted efforts, our ability to predict, explain, or treat suicide risk has not significantly improved over the past 50 years.

Estimating program costs when planning community-based mental health programs can be burdensome. Our aim was to retrospectively document the cost for the first year of planning and implementing Healthy Minds Healthy Communities (HMHC), a mental health promotion and prevention multi-level intervention initiative. This Program is among the first to use the Community Initiated Care (CIC) model in the US and is aimed at building community resilience and the capacity for communities to provide mental health support, particularly among those disproportionately impacted by COVID-19. Our objective is to share our methods for costing a program targeting 10 zip codes that are ethnically and linguistically diverse and provide an example for estimating the cost of a mental health prevention and promotion programs consisting of multiple evidence-based interventions.

Dementia is a growing public health concern, and providing long-term care for individuals affected by this condition is challenging for their family caregivers. While researchers have explored various intervention options to provide psychological support for dementia caregivers, mentalising imagery therapy (MIT) has gained significant recognition as an effective programme. Despite its significance and effectiveness, there is a lack of comprehensive scoping reviews of MIT in dementia caregiving. Thus, conducting such a review can provide valuable insights into the status and outcomes of MIT, identify gaps in existing research and provide recommendations for a more effective clinical practice.

Homo sapiens and Neanderthals underwent hybridization during the Middle/Upper Paleolithic age, culminating in retention of small amounts of Neanderthal-derived DNA in the modern human genome. In the current study, we address the potential roles Neanderthal single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) may be playing in autism susceptibility in samples of black non-Hispanic, white Hispanic, and white non-Hispanic people using data from the Simons Foundation Powering Autism Research (SPARK), Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx), and 1000 Genomes (1000G) databases. We have discovered that rare variants are significantly enriched in autistic probands compared to race-matched controls. In addition, we have identified 25 rare and common SNPs that are significantly enriched in autism on different ethnic backgrounds, some of which show significant clinical associations. We have also identified other SNPs that share more specific genotype-phenotype correlations but which are not necessarily enriched in autism and yet may nevertheless play roles in comorbid phenotype expression (e.g., intellectual disability, epilepsy, and language regression). These results strongly suggest Neanderthal-derived DNA is playing a significant role in autism susceptibility across major populations in the United States.

This paper presents results from the Smart Healthy Campus 2.0 study/smartphone app, developed and used to collect mental health-related lifestyle data from 86 Canadian undergraduates January-August 2021. Objectives of the study were to 1) address the absence of longitudinal mental health overview and lifestyle-related data from Canadian undergraduate students, and 2) to identify associations between these self-reported mental health overviews (questionnaires) and lifestyle-related measures (from smartphone digital measures). This was a longitudinal repeat measures study conducted over 40 weeks. A 9-item mental health questionnaire was accessible once daily in the app. Two variants of this mental health questionnaire existed; the first was a weekly variant, available each Monday or until a participant responded during the week. The second was a daily variant available after the weekly variant. 6518 digital measure samples and 1722 questionnaire responses were collected. Mixed models were fit for responses to the two questionnaire variants and 12 phone digital measures (e.g. GPS, step counts). The daily questionnaire had positive associations with floors walked, installed apps, and campus proximity, while having negative associations with uptime, and daily calendar events. Daily depression had a positive association with uptime. Daily resilience appeared to have a slight positive association with campus proximity. The weekly questionnaire variant had positive associations with device idling and installed apps, and negative associations with floors walked, calendar events, and campus proximity. Physical activity, weekly, had a negative association with uptime, and a positive association with calendar events and device idling. These lifestyle indicators that associated with student mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic suggest directions for new mental health-related interventions (digital or otherwise) and further efforts in mental health surveillance under comparable circumstances.

Higher allostatic load (AL), a multi-system measure of physiological dysregulation considered a proxy for chronic stress exposure, is associated with poorer global cognition (GC) in older non-Hispanic white adults. However, evidence of these associations in middle-aged and older US-based Hispanic/Latino adults is limited.

The relationship between the duration of major depressive disorder (MDD) and therapeutic response to standard antidepressant treatment (SAT) is unknown. -methyl-D-aspartate receptor uncompetitive antagonists are emerging drugs for MDD. We investigated whether the antidepressant effect of esmethadone (REL-1017) could be related to the duration of depression. We analyzed data from a Phase 2a study of adjunctive treatment with esmethadone in MDD patients () with inadequate response to ongoing SAT (May 2018-August 2019). Patients were randomized to treatment with esmethadone 25 mg, esmethadone 50 mg, or placebo for 7 days, followed by an observation period (Days 7-14). Duration of depression was derived from 2 measures: (1) time from onset (TFO), calculated as the difference in years between age at trial enrollment and age at the onset of the first major depressive episode (MDE), and (2) TFO index, calculated by computing the years of illness duration (number of years from the beginning of MDD), divided by age and multiplied by 100. First, bivariate correlations between TFO and change from baseline (CFB) were calculated by Spearman ρ. Linear mixed-model analyses were also conducted. A total of 62 patients participated in the trial. The median values of time from MDD onset for the 62 patients were 11 years (absolute value) and 22% (percentage of life-years). Duration of depression was significantly correlated with Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) CFB on Day 14, even when controlling for the effect of current depression severity (MADRS baseline). In the linear mixed-model analyses, we found a significant effect of duration on reduction in MADRS score from T0 to subsequent assessments ( < .05). Number of previous MDEs and effect of esmethadone 50 mg when compared to 25 mg were not significant. Esmethadone 25 and 50 mg were more effective in reducing MADRS scores in patients with shorter time from first MDE onset. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03051256.

To assess the effectiveness of culturally and linguistically tailored, peer-delivered obstructive sleep apnea education and of social support to increase adherence to physician-recommended obstructive sleep apnea evaluation among blacks. In a two-arm randomised controlled trial, we ascertained the effectiveness of peer-delivered obstructive sleep apnea education in increasing obstructive sleep apnea evaluation among 319 blacks at risk of obstructive sleep apnea (intervention = 159 and control = 160); their average age was 47 ± 12.9 years, and 41% were male. Obstructive sleep apnea risk was assessed with the Apnea Risk Evaluation System questionnaire, administered in community venues. Participants in the intervention arm received tailored obstructive sleep apnea education during a 6 month period; those in the control arm received standard sleep and healthy lifestyle information. Analysis focussed on the effectiveness of peer-delivered obstructive sleep apnea education on adherence to obstructive sleep apnea evaluation, but also considered the role of psychosocial factors. The results showed no significant differences in baseline demographic and clinical measures when contrasting participants in the study arms. The adherence rates for home-based obstructive sleep apnea evaluation in the intervention and control arms were 45.9% and 45.6%, respectively. Overall, participants in both study arms (adherers) who underwent obstructive sleep apnea evaluations were likely to experience a greater level of social support (8.2 ± 2.4 vs. 7.3 ± 2.4; p = 0.06). Moreover, adherers showed greater psychosocial scores (i.e., Dysfunctional Beliefs and Attitudes about Sleep scale, Apnea Beliefs Scale (ABS) (and Apnea Knowledge) compared with non-adherers (6.0 ± 1.8 vs. 4.9 ± 2.2; p = 0.02; 77.0 ± 7.1 vs. 73.2 ± 7.4; p = 0.04, and 6.4 ± 3.1 vs. 7.6 ± 2.4; p = 0.06, respectively). The results of the present randomised controlled trial favoured a potential role of peer-based social support and psychosocial factors, associated with obstructive sleep apnea adherence behaviour.

Pediatric obesity is associated with impaired cognitive function; however, the mechanisms underlying this association demand assessment. Sleep may be a relevant moderator, as poor sleep predicts both increased adiposity and impaired cognitive function.

The primary objective of this randomized controlled trial (RCT) is to establish the effectiveness of time-restricted eating (TRE) compared with the Mediterranean diet for people with bipolar disorder (BD) who have symptoms of sleep disorders or circadian rhythm sleep-wake disruption. This work builds on the growing evidence that TRE has benefits for improving circadian rhythms. TRE and Mediterranean diet guidance will be offered remotely using self-help materials and an app, with coaching support.

Subjective well-being (SWB) is an important measure for mental health status. Previous research has shown that physical activity can affect an individual's well-being, yet the underlying molecular mechanism remains to be clarified. In this study, we aim to evaluate the potential interactions between mitochondrial genes and physical activity (PA) as well as their combined effects on individual well-being. SWB phenotype data in UK Biobank were enrolled for this study including nine aspects such as work/job satisfaction, health satisfaction, family relationship satisfaction, friendships satisfaction, financial situation satisfaction, ever depressed for a whole week, general happiness, general happiness with own health and belief that own life is meaningful. We made analysis for each aspects separately. Firstly, mitochondria-wide association studies (MiWAS) was conducted to assess the association of mitochondrial Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms SNP with each aspect of SWB. Then an interaction analysis of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutation and PA was performed to evaluate their joint effect on SWB status. Meanwhile, these two analysis were made for female and male group separately as well as the total samples, all under the control of possible confounding factors including gender, age, Townsend Deprivation Index (TDI), education, alcohol consumption, smoking habits, and 10 principal components. MiWAS analysis identified 45 mtSNPs associated with 9 phenotypes of SWB. For example, m.15218A > G on MT-CYB in the health satisfaction phenotype of the total subjects. Gender-specific analyses found 30 mtSNPs in females and 58 in males, involving 13 mtGenes. In mtDNA-PA interaction analysis, we also identified 10 significant mtDNA-PA interaction sets for SWB. For instance, m.13020 T > C (MT-ND5) was associated with the SWB financial situation satisfaction phenotype in all subjects (P = 0.00577). In addition, MiWAS analysis identified 12 mtGene variants associated with SWB, as MT-ND1 and MT-ND2. However, in mtDNA-PA interactions we detected 7 mtDNA affecting psychiatric disorders occurring, as in the friendships satisfaction phenotype (m.3394 T > C on MT-ND1). Our study results suggest an implication of the interaction between mitochondrial function and physical activity in the risk of psychiatric disorder development.

Pre-existing psychiatric disorders were linked to an increased susceptibility to COVID-19 during the initial outbreak of the pandemic, while evidence during Omicron prevalence is lacking. Leveraging data from two prospective cohorts in China, we identified incident Omicron infections between January 2023 and April 2023. Participants with a self-reported history or self-rated symptoms of depression or anxiety before the Omicron pandemic were considered the exposed group, whereas the others were considered unexposed. We employed multivariate logistic regression models to examine the association of pre-existing depression or anxiety with the risk of any or severe Omicron infection indexed by medical interventions or severe symptoms. Further, we stratified the analyses by polygenic risk scores (PRSs) for COVID-19 and repeated the analyses using the UK Biobank data. We included 10,802 individuals from the Chinese cohorts (mean age = 51.1 years, 45.6% male), among whom 7841 (72.6%) were identified as cases of Omicron infection. No association was found between any pre-existing depression or anxiety and the overall risk of Omicron infection (odds ratio [OR] =1.04, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.95-1.14). However, positive associations were noted for severe Omicron infection, either as infections requiring medical interventions (1.26, 1.02-1.54) or with severe symptoms (≥3: 1.73, 1.51-1.97). We obtained comparable estimates when stratified by COVID-19 PRS level. Additionally, using clustering method, we identified eight distinct symptom patterns and found associations between pre-existing depression or anxiety and the patterns characterized by multiple or complex severe symptoms including cough and taste and smell decline (ORs = 1.42-2.35). The results of the UK Biobank analyses corroborated findings of the Chinese cohorts. In conclusion, pre-existing depression and anxiety was not associated with the risk of Omicron infection overall but an elevated risk of severe Omicron infection, supporting the continued efforts on monitoring and possible early intervention in this high-risk population during Omicron prevalence.

Youngest students in their class, with birthdates just before the school entry cut-off date, are overrepresented among children receiving an Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) diagnosis or medication for this. This is known as the relative age effect. This systematic review and meta-analysis summarises the evidence on the influence of relative age on ADHD symptoms, diagnosis and medication prescribing. As no review to date has investigated the association with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) diagnosis, this is also examined. Following prospective registration with PROSPERO, we conducted a systematic review according to the PRISMA guidelines. We searched seven databases: Medline, Embase, PsycInfo, Web of Science Core Collection, ERIC, Psychology and Behavioural Sciences Collection, and Cochrane Library. Additional references were identified from manual search of retrieved reviews. We performed a meta-analysis of quantitative data. Thirty-two studies were included, thirty-one investigated ADHD and two ASD. Younger relative age was associated with ADHD diagnosis and medication, with relative risks of 1.38 (1.36-1.52 95% CI) and 1.28 (1.21-1.36 95% CI) respectively. However, risk estimates exhibited high heterogeneity. A relative age effect was observed for teacher ratings of ADHD symptoms but not for parent ratings. With regard to ASD, the youngest children in their school year were more likely to be diagnosed with ASD. This review confirms a relative age effect for ADHD diagnosis and prescribed ADHD medication and suggests that differences in teacher and parent ratings might contribute to this. Further research is needed on the possible association with ASD.

Increasing evidence suggests that the physiological changes of pregnancy may impact pharmacokinetics of antiseizure medications (ASM), and this may affect treatment outcomes. The aim of this study was to quantify the pregnancy impact on the ASM pharmacokinetics.

Schizophrenia (SZ) is a prevalent mental disorder that imposes significant health burdens. Diagnostic accuracy remains challenging due to clinical subjectivity. To address this issue, we explore magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as a tool to enhance SZ diagnosis and provide objective references and biomarkers. Using deep learning with graph convolution, we represent MRI data as graphs, aligning with brain structure, and improving feature extraction, and classification. Integration of multiple modalities is expected to enhance classification.

Clinical data analysis relies on effective methods and appropriate data. Recognizing distinctive clinical services and service functions may lead to improved decision-making. Our first objective is to categorize analytical methods, data sources, and algorithms used in current research on information analysis and decision support in child and adolescent mental health services (CAMHS). Our secondary objective is to identify the potential for data analysis in different clinical services and functions in which data-driven decision aids can be useful.

Evidence suggests the importance of a person's chronotype in predicting various aspects of an individual's physical and mental health. While the effect of depression on sleep is well established, the impact of a person's specific sleep timing and chronotype on the prevalence of both depression and anxiety has yet to be fully understood, especially among university students, vulnerable to mental health problems. In addition, other factors also seem to influence the occurrence of depression and anxiety among students as well as their quality of sleep, one of which being the students' financial wellness. The objective was to evaluate the association between chronotype and the severity and prevalence of depression among Lebanese university students, while also taking into account the possible connection between chronotype and financial wellness and both anxiety and sleep quality. This cross-sectional study was conducted between December 2021 and February 2022; 330 Lebanese university students was included (mean age 21.75 ± 2.43; 67.3% females). The majority of the Lebanese university students in our sample were found to have an intermediate typology (63.0%), followed by the evening typology, which appeared to constitute 28.2% of the sample, while only 8.8% possessed a morning typology. In this study, having an intermediate or evening typology compared to a morning one was significantly associated with higher depression and worse sleep quality. In addition, having an evening chronotype compared to a morningness propensity was significantly associated with more anxiety. This study found a positive association between an evening typology (chronotype) and higher depression and anxiety and poorer quality of sleep. Although preliminary and based on cross-sectional data, this research could help provide a better understanding of the different chronotypes among university students, and of the possible increased susceptibility of some of these typologies (i.e., evening-type) to mental health problems.

Cognitive impairment, pain and depressive symptoms are common and interrelated factors in older adults. However, the directionality and specificity of their association remains unclarified. This study explored whether these factors prospectively increase reciprocal risk and examined the longitudinal association between these factors and quality of life (QoL).

Plasma RNAemia, delayed antibody responses and inflammation predict COVID-19 outcomes, but the mechanisms underlying these immunovirological patterns are poorly understood. We profile 782 longitudinal plasma samples from 318 hospitalized patients with COVID-19. Integrated analysis using k-means reveals four patient clusters in a discovery cohort: mechanically ventilated critically-ill cases are subdivided into good prognosis and high-fatality clusters (reproduced in a validation cohort), while non-critical survivors segregate into high and low early antibody responders. Only the high-fatality cluster is enriched for transcriptomic signatures associated with COVID-19 severity, and each cluster has distinct RBD-specific antibody elicitation kinetics. Both critical and non-critical clusters with delayed antibody responses exhibit sustained IFN signatures, which negatively correlate with contemporaneous RBD-specific IgG levels and absolute SARS-CoV-2-specific B and CD4 T cell frequencies. These data suggest that the "Interferon paradox" previously described in murine LCMV models is operative in COVID-19, with excessive IFN signaling delaying development of adaptive virus-specific immunity.

An elevated neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in blood has been associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, an elevated NLR has also been implicated in many other conditions that are risk factors for AD, prompting investigation into whether the NLR is directly linked with AD pathology or a result of underlying comorbidities. Herein, we explored the relationship between the NLR and AD biomarkers in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of cognitively unimpaired (CU) subjects. Adjusting for sociodemographics, APOE4, and common comorbidities, we investigated these associations in two cohorts: the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) and the M.J. de Leon CSF repository at NYU. Specifically, we examined associations between the NLR and cross-sectional measures of amyloid-β42 (Aβ42), total tau (t-tau), and phosphorylated tau (p-tau), as well as the trajectories of these CSF measures obtained longitudinally.

There is a digital divide in long-term care homes (LTCHs), with few residents having regular access to internet-connected devices. In this study, we provided long-term care residents with personalized and adapted tablets. We aimed to understand what factors influenced tablet use and the impact of tablet access on opportunities for social connection and recreation.

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is frequently accompanied by the symptoms of clinical anxiety. Since our previous research has found that n-3 PUFA supplementation alleviates anxiety in MDD, this study was aimed to further explore whether n-3 PUFA supplementation improves anxiety symptoms in depression by directly manipulating fatty acid levels.

Despite numerous past endeavors for the semantic harmonization of Alzheimer's disease (AD) cohort studies, an automatic tool has yet to be developed.

Late-life depression (LLD) is highly prevalent, especially in people aged 80 years and older. We aimed to investigate predictors and their influence on depressive symptoms in LLD.

Insomnia has become a common health problem in modern society, especially among college students. The purpose of this study was to analyze the research status, research hotspots and frontier trends of insomnia among college students over the past 20 years.

Early life stress may induce synaptic changes within brain regions associated with behavioral disorders. Here, we investigated glutamatergic functional connectivity by a postsynaptic density immediate-early gene-based network analysis. Pregnant female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into two experimental groups: one exposed to stress sessions and the other serving as a stress-free control group. Homer1 expression was evaluated by in situ hybridization technique in eighty-eight brain regions of interest of male rat offspring. Differences between the perinatal stress exposed group (PRS) (n = 5) and the control group (CTR) (n = 5) were assessed by performing the Student's t-test via SPSS 28.0.1.0 with Bonferroni correction. Additionally, all possible pairwise Spearman's correlations were computed as well as correlation matrices and networks for each experimental group were generated via RStudio and Cytoscape. Perinatal stress exposure was associated with Homer1a induction in several cortical, thalamic, and striatal regions. Furthermore, it was found to affect functional connectivity between the lateral septal nucleus and central medial thalamic nucleus; retrosplenial granular b cortex and the anterior part of the paraventricular thalamic nucleus; and between the anterior part of the paraventricular thalamic nucleus and prefrontal cortex, amygdaloid nuclei, and hippocampal regions. Finally, the study of networks showed a significant reduction in multiple connections for the ventrolateral part of the anteroventral thalamic nucleus after perinatal stress exposure, as well as a decrease in the centrality of ventral anterior thalamic and amygdaloid nuclei. Within the present preclinical setting, perinatal stress exposure is a modifier of glutamatergic early gene-based functional connectivity in neuronal circuits involved in behaviors relevant to model neurodevelopmental disorders.

To investigate the long-term trends in counseling for stress and depression using data from a nationwide survey in South Korea. We conducted a nationwide serial, large-scale, cross-sectional, survey-based study using data from 2,903,887 Korean adults from the Korea Community Health Survey, 2009-2022. Our study investigated the trends and risk factors for counseling for stress and depression during the pre-pandemic (2009-2019) and pandemic era (2020-2022). The prevalence of counseling for stress and depression increased across pre-pandemic (counseling for stress: β, 0.217 [95 % CI, 0.194 to 0.241]; counseling for depression: β, 0.136 [0.118 to 0.154]) and pandemic periods (β, 0.324 [0.287 to 0.360]; β, 0.210 [0.182 to 0.239], respectively). The prevalence of counseling for stress and depression showed steeper slopes for increasing trends after the outbreak. In addition, subgroups with female sex, urban residence, lower household income, lower self-rated health, shorter sleep time, and higher worries about contracting COVID-19 were the risk factors associated with the increased prevalence of counseling for stress and depression. Our study analyzed the trends in counseling for stress and depression among over two million South Korean adults in 2009-2022, revealing a significant escalation during the pandemic. These findings emphasize the need for mental health policies to support vulnerable groups during the pandemic.

Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) has increasingly been used to study both Alzheimer's disease (AD) and schizophrenia (SZ). While most rs-fMRI studies being conducted in AD and SZ compare patients to healthy controls, it is also of interest to directly compare AD and SZ patients with each other to identify potential biomarkers shared between the disorders. However, comparing patient groups collected in different studies can be challenging due to potential confounds, such as differences in the patient's age, scan protocols, etc. In this study, we compared and contrasted resting-state functional network connectivity (rs-FNC) of 162 patients with AD and late mild cognitive impairment (LMCI), 181 schizophrenia patients, and 315 cognitively normal (CN) subjects. We used confounder-controlled rs-FNC and applied machine learning algorithms (including support vector machine, logistic regression, random forest, and k-nearest neighbor) and deep learning models (i.e., fully-connected neural networks) to classify subjects in binary and three-class categories according to their diagnosis labels (e.g., AD, SZ, and CN). Our statistical analysis revealed that FNC between the following network pairs is stronger in AD compared to SZ: subcortical-cerebellum, subcortical-cognitive control, cognitive control-cerebellum, and visual-sensory motor networks. On the other hand, FNC is stronger in SZ than AD for the following network pairs: subcortical-visual, subcortical-auditory, subcortical-sensory motor, cerebellum-visual, sensory motor-cognitive control, and within the cerebellum networks. Furthermore, we observed that while AD and SZ disorders each have unique FNC abnormalities, they also share some common functional abnormalities that can be due to similar neurobiological mechanisms or genetic factors contributing to these disorders' development. Moreover, we achieved an accuracy of 85% in classifying subjects into AD and SZ where default mode, visual, and subcortical networks contributed the most to the classification and accuracy of 68% in classifying subjects into AD, SZ, and CN with the subcortical domain appearing as the most contributing features to the three-way classification. Finally, our findings indicated that for all classification tasks, except AD vs. SZ, males are more predictable than females.

Intimate partner violence (IPV) has been associated with poor mental health among people with HIV (PWH) globally. Social support may be a strategy to foster mental health among PWH. Little is known about whether the relationship between IPV and mental health differs by IPV type or level of social support. Interviews were conducted with 426 PWH initiating HIV care in Cameroon. Log binomial regression analyses were used to estimate the association between four types of IPV (controlling behavior and emotional, physical, and sexual IPV) and symptoms of depression or hazardous alcohol use, separately by IPV type and level of social support. Over half (54.8%) of respondents experienced moderate/high levels of controlling behavior, 42.0% experienced emotional IPV, 28.2% experienced physical IPV and 23.7% experienced sexual IPV. Controlling behavior was associated with greater prevalence of depressive symptoms. This relationship did not vary meaningfully by level of social support (low: aPR 2.4 [95% CI 1.2, 4.9]; high: 1.7 [95% CI 1.0, 2.7]). Emotional and physical IPV were associated with greater prevalence of depressive symptoms among those with low social support (emotional IPV: aPR 1.9 [95% CI 1.0, 3.4]; physical IPV: aPR 1.8 [95% CI 1.2, 2.8]), but not among those with high social support (emotional IPV: aPR 1.0 [95% CI 0.7, 1.6]; physical IPV: aPR 1.0 [95% CI 0.6, 1.6]). Controlling behavior, emotional IPV, and physical IPV were associated with a greater prevalence of hazardous alcohol use, with moderately larger effect estimates among those with high compared to low social support. Sexual IPV was not associated with depressive symptoms or hazardous alcohol use. Services to screen and care for people experiencing IPV are urgently needed among PWH in Cameroon. Future research to identify barriers, feasibility, acceptability, and organizational readiness to integrate IPV and mental health services into HIV care settings is needed.

Psycho-emotional violence, a type of workplace violence targeting healthcare workers, varies across countries, occasions, and professions in the healthcare sector. Unfortunately, there is a scarcity of comprehensive studies focusing on violence against healthcare workers in Ethiopia, which may also encompass psycho-gender-based emotional violence against healthcare workers. Therefore, there is a compelling need for in-depth research to address this gap and develop effective strategies to mitigate psycho-emotional violence in the healthcare sector in Ethiopia, especially in the eastern region. Hence, we aimed to identify the prevalence of and factors associated with workplace psycho-emotional violence against healthcare providers in eastern Ethiopia.

Frailty and low physical performance are modifiable factors and, therefore, targets for interventions aimed at delaying driving cessation (DC). The objective was to determine the impact of frailty and physical performance on DC.

The COVID-19 pandemic disrupted lives on a massive scale. While the pandemic appeared to worsen mental health outcomes broadly, its effects on alcohol/substance use and recovery are unclear. Many studies convolved the sociopolitical unrest beginning in May 2020 with the pandemic. We assessed pandemic-related changes in substance use, recovery involvement, and quality of life among US adults at two specified time periods that isolated pandemic effects from potentially confounding sociopolitical factors.

Vaccine hesitancy is a significant global problem resulting from the interaction of multiple factors, including mental health factors. However, the association of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy with mental health has not been well-examined, especially in Arab culture. This study aims to identify the correlation between anxiety/fear of COVID-19 and vaccine hesitancy among Saudi adults.

The Social media, Smartphone use and Self-Harm (3S-YP) study is a prospective observational cohort study to investigate the mechanisms underpinning associations between social media and smartphone use and self-harm in a clinical youth sample. We present here a comprehensive description of the cohort from baseline data and an overview of data available from baseline and follow-up assessments.

Psychotherapists need effective tools to monitor changes in the patient's affective perception of the therapist and the therapeutic relationship during sessions to tailor therapeutic interventions and improve treatment outcomes. This study aims to evaluate the factor structure, reliability, and validity of the (SPARQ), a concise self-report measure designed for practical application in real-world psychotherapy settings.

Poor sleep quality is linked to physiological dysfunction, which increases the risk of obesity, cardiovascular disease, cognitive impairment, and other medical conditions. Despite the known health risks of sleep disturbances, literature is still scant regarding sleep quality and its associated factors among healthcare professionals in Ethiopia. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the prevalence of poor sleep quality and its associated factors among healthcare professionals at the University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital.

Major Depressive Disorder is a long-term, recurring, and very common illness that is associated with a significant decline in functional ability. The gold-standard method of treating depression is pharmacotherapy, which involves the use of antidepressant medications either alone or in various combinations. However, approximately 30% of Major Depressive Disorder patients suffer from Treatment Resistant Depression, a more severe condition that has a profound impact on patients' lives. Our study aims to conduct the first comprehensive review and meta-analysis to assess the effectiveness and safety of adding Dialectical Behavior Therapy to antidepressant medications compared to groups using pharmacotherapy alone as an intervention for adults with Treatment Resistant Depression.

Personality disorders in homeless people pose a challenge to the medical community and society, requiring specialized approaches for these super-difficult patients. The prevalence of personality disorders is higher in homeless populations than in the general population. However, there is a knowledge gap regarding personality disorders among people experiencing homelessness, and the implications of this lack of recognition are substantial. This paper provides a brief narrative review of personality disorders among homeless individuals. The primary importance and specificity of these disorders in this population remain unexplored. We searched PubMed and Web of Science databases in February and November 2023 using the keywords 'homeless' and 'personality disorder', and selected fifty-eight studies to be included in this literature review. The main themes of the results were personality disorders in homeless individuals and comorbid psychiatric disorders; risk factors and other psychological and behavioral data; clinical and intervention outcomes; and challenges linked to assessment, treatment, and intervention. The homeless population experiences significant diagnostic variability and the diagnosis of personality disorders is still evolving, contributing to difficulties in diagnosis, assessment, and treatment. A future challenge is to raise clinical awareness and optimize research knowledge, assessment, and intervention in personality disorders among homeless individuals with comorbid psychiatric disorders.

An increased incidence of maternal opioid use disorder (OUD) and neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) has prompted recommendations supporting a dyadic approach to care for birthing persons and their infants. However, there are no consensus guidelines outlining how the dyad is clinically defined.

Suicide is a global health concern, exacerbated by stigma around mental illnesses. Online platforms like Twitter and Sina Weibo have seen a rise in "online broadcast suicide," where individuals share suicidal thoughts and actions. However, there is limited understanding of the epidemiological characteristics, particularly in China. This study aims to analyze the demographics and behaviors of individuals engaging in online broadcast suicide in China to inform targeted prevention strategies.

As the number of children diagnosed with autism rises year by year, the issue of nurturing this particular group becomes increasingly salient. Parents of autistic children, as the nearest and most reliable caregivers for their children, shoulder immense psychological strain and accountability. They are compelled to confront an array of daily life challenges presented by their children, as well as endure multiple pressures such as societal scrutiny and financial burdens. Consequently, the mental health status of the parents is of utmost significance.

Health care workers (HCWs) are among the most vulnerable groups to experience burnout during the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. Understanding the risk and protective factors of burnout is crucial in guiding the development of interventions; however, the understanding of burnout determinants in the Canadian HCW population remains limited. Identify risk and protective factors associated with burnout in Canadian HCWs during the COVID-19 pandemic and evaluate organizational factors as moderators in the relationship between COVID-19 contact and burnout. Data were drawn from an online longitudinal survey of Canadian HCWs collected between 26 June 2020 and 31 December 2020. Participants completed questions pertaining to their well-being, burnout, workplace support and concerns relating to the COVID-19 pandemic. Baseline data from 1029 HCWs were included in the analysis. Independent samples t-tests and multiple linear regression were used to evaluate factors associated with burnout scores. HCWs in contact with COVID-19 patients showed significantly higher likelihood of probable burnout than HCWs not directly providing care to COVID-19 patients. Fewer years of work experience was associated with a higher likelihood of probable burnout, whereas stronger workplace support, organizational leadership, supervisory leadership, and a favourable ethical climate were associated with a decreased likelihood of probable burnout. Workplace support, organizational leadership, supervisory leadership, and ethical climate did not moderate the associations between contact with COVID-19 patients and burnout. Our findings suggest that HCWs who worked directly with COVID-19 patients, had fewer years of work experience, and perceived poor workplace support, organizational leadership, supervisory leadership and ethical climate were at higher risk of burnout. Ensuring reasonable work hours, adequate support from management, and fostering an ethical work environment are potential organizational-level strategies to maintain HCWs' well-being.