Evidence
![](https://psychiatryai.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/psychiatryai_com.webp)
J Autism Dev Disord. 2024 May 20. doi: 10.1007/s10803-024-06369-4. Online ahead of print.
ABSTRACT
Inclusive education policies stimulate children with special educational needs, including autism, to attend regular education. We aimed to explore change over time in school placement and transitions of autistic children since the introduction of an inclusive education policy in the Netherlands (2014) and to examine the role of individual child characteristics. This study used longitudinal data from 2013 to 2021 on autistic children (N = 1463, aged 5-16 years). We expected an increase in regular school placements and transitions to regular schools. Surprisingly, the proportion of children with autism in regular schools slightly decreased. Special school placement was more likely for boys and autistic children with lower intelligence scores, co-occurring conditions or behavioral and peer relation problems. Younger autistic children and those with lower intelligence scores more often transferred from a regular to a special school. The opposite transition was more common in older autistic children and those with higher intelligence scores. The likelihood of special-to-regular transitions did not change, but regular-to-special transitions were more prevalent during the years just after the policy change than in later years. The inclusive policy had little impact on the school placement, and at most led to a delayed drop in referrals to special schools.
PMID:38769204 | DOI:10.1007/s10803-024-06369-4
![Google](https://www.google.com/images/branding/googlelogo/2x/googlelogo_light_color_92x30dp.png)
![Google Keep](https://www.gstatic.com/images/branding/product/1x/keep_48dp.png)
![Share on Linkedin](https://psychiatryai.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/linkedin-logo-png-2048-1.png)
Estimated reading time: 4 minute(s)
Latest: Psychiatryai.com #RAISR4D Evidence
![](/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/bd462cc11bcf0bd0d0d6f1d0f8b7cd04-modified-1.png)
Cool Evidence: Engaging Young People and Students in Real-World Evidence
![](/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/bd462cc11bcf0bd0d0d6f1d0f8b7cd04-modified-1.png)
Real-Time Evidence Search [Psychiatry]
![](/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/pubmed.png)
AI Research
![](/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/Il5nR_nf_400x400-modified-1.png)
Longitudinal Transition Between Regular and Special Education in Autistic Children: Predictors and Policy Effects
![](https://psychiatryai.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/psychiatryai_com.webp)
🌐 90 Days
AI Virtual Reality Related Evidence Matrix
Completion of Upper Secondary Mainstream School in Autistic Students in Sweden Exploring context for implementation of inclusive education for children with developmental disabilities in mainstream primary schools in Ethiopia Barriers to Providing Transitional Supports for Autistic Students: Insights of School Professionals Impact of Adverse Childhood Experiences and Mental Health on School Success in Autistic Children: Findings from the 2016-2021 National Survey of Children's Health Developmental Impacts of Early Sensory Patterns on School-Age Adaptive, Maladaptive, and Participation Outcomes in Autistic and Non-autistic Children Autistic Characteristics, Cognitive Impairment, and Sex as Predictors of Anxiety and Depression among Autistic Youth Autistic Characteristics, Cognitive Impairment, and Sex as Predictors of Anxiety and Depression among Autistic Youth Autistic pupils' experiences in primary and post-primary schools: A scoping review and consultation with autistic pupils in Ireland Brief Report: Rural-Urban Differences in Disability Prevalence, Healthcare Services Utilization, and Participation in Special Education Patterns of Psychotropic Prescribing Practices in Autistic Children and Adolescents: An Australian Perspective of Two Cohorts Five Years Apart Code- and Meaning-related Emergent Literacy Skills and Joint Attention in Autistic and Non-Autistic Children Code- and Meaning-related Emergent Literacy Skills and Joint Attention in Autistic and Non-Autistic Children Mind the Gap: Executive Function Is Associated with the Discrepancy Between Cognitive and Adaptive Functioning in Autistic Children Without Cognitive Delay Language growth in verbal autistic children from 5 to 11 years Unpacking the prevalence: A warning against overstating the recently narrowed gap for Black autistic youth Autistic children and their parents in the context of war: Preliminary findings Psychological behavioral therapies to improve autistic children's behaviors during dental visits: A systematic review and meta-analysis Sleeping Sound Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD): Cost-Effectiveness of a Brief Behavioural Sleep Intervention in Primary School-Aged Autistic Children Empathy in autistic children: Emotional overarousal in response to others' physical pain Bullying Victimization is Associated with Heightened Rates of Anxiety and Depression Among Autistic and ADHD Youth: National Survey of Children's Health 2016-2020 COVID-19 Pandemic Experiences of Families in Which a Child/Youth Has Autism and Their Service Providers: Perspectives and Lessons Learned COVID-19 Pandemic Experiences of Families in Which a Child/Youth Has Autism and Their Service Providers: Perspectives and Lessons Learned Predicting Intervention Use in Youth with Rare Variants in Autism-Associated Genes Examining the relationship between functional connectivity and broader autistic traits in non-autistic children Examining the relationship between functional connectivity and broader autistic traits in non-autistic children Sleep problems and circadian rhythm functioning in autistic children, autism with co-occurring attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, and typically developing children: A comparative study Predictive Processing During Cue-Outcome Associative Learning in Autistic Children Reproducibility between preschool and school-age Social Responsiveness Scale forms in the Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes program Reproducibility between preschool and school-age Social Responsiveness Scale forms in the Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes program The Role of Pathways Early Autism Intervention in Improving Social Skills and Respeto for Young Hispanic Autistic Children Correction: Should Parents Only Use One Language with Their Autistic Children? The Relations between Multilingualism, Children's Social Skills, and Parent-Child Communication Reconceptualizing the approach to supporting students with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in school settings Data-driven exploratory method investigation on the effect of dyslexia education at brain connectivity in Turkish children: a preliminary study Toward better outcome measurement for insomnia in children with autism spectrum disorder Cultural roots of the myopia boom in Confucian Asia and their implications Cognitive Disengagement Syndrome in Young Autistic Children, Children with ADHD, and Autistic Children with ADHD Building Better Bridges: Outcomes of a Community-Partnered New School Transition Intervention for Students on the Autism Spectrum Physically active learning for children with learning disorders attending special-needs schools: A program evaluation Correlations between the screen time of children with special needs and their parent-child relationships, home participation, and occupational performance Social and Linguistic Correlates of Vocabulary Size in Autism: Overlapping Vocalization and Phonological Memory Exploring the Involvement of Autistic Youth in Decision Making About Services Oral microbiota in autistic children: Diagnosis-related differences and associations with clinical characteristics The inequity of education, health and care plan provision for children and young people with intellectual and developmental disabilities We Must Consider Infrastructure when Attempting to Scale up Autism EBIs: A Case Example from Early Intervention Systems Enhanced interest in letters and numbers in autistic children Occupational therapy experiences of interprofessional collaboration in the support of autistic children Impact of adverse childhood experiences and family resilience on sleep duration in autistic children Autistic People's Perspectives on Parental Diagnosis Disclosure: A Grounded Theory Study Social Determinants in COVID-19 Experiences of Children With Disabilities Receiving School-Based Services in Chicago: Mixed-Methods Study of Parent/Guardian Perspectives Social Determinants in COVID-19 Experiences of Children With Disabilities Receiving School-Based Services in Chicago: Mixed-Methods Study of Parent/Guardian Perspectives The Development of Gesture Skills in Chinese Autistic Children: The Predictive Roles of Age and Language Ability Temporal dynamics and neural variabilities underlying the interplay between emotion and inhibition in autistic children Equine-assisted services for motor outcomes of autistic children: A systematic review Prevalence and associated factors of developmental coordination disorder in primary school children Status of Healthy Choices, Attitudes and Health Education of Children and Young People in Romania-A Literature Review Anemia and associated factors among under-five children attending public Hospitals in Harari Regional State, eastern Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study Stability and Validity of Self-Reported Depression and Anxiety in Autistic Youth Stability and Validity of Self-Reported Depression and Anxiety in Autistic Youth The effect of volatility in linguistic input on prediction behavior in autistic toddlers Intact gesture cueing of attention but attenuated sensitivity to peripheral social targets in autistic children: An eye-tracking and pupillometric study The relationship between hair cortisol concentration and autism diagnosis Polysomnogram Findings and Psychosocial and Academic Concerns in Children With Cleft Palate With or Without Cleft Lip The role of primary care in improving health outcomes in young foster children Parent-led Communication Therapy for Young Bilingual Autistic Children: A Scoping Review
Evidence Blueprint
Longitudinal Transition Between Regular and Special Education in Autistic Children: Predictors and Policy Effects
![](https://psychiatryai.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/psychiatryai_com.webp)
☊ AI-Driven Related Evidence Nodes
(recent articles with at least 5 words in title)
More Evidence
![](https://psychiatryai.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/psychiatryai_com.webp)
Longitudinal Transition Between Regular and Special Education in Autistic Children: Predictors and Policy Effects
🌐 365 Days
AI Virtual Reality Related Evidence Matrix
The impact of adverse childhood events on service support and educational outcomes of children who are autistic: A theory-guided analysis using structural equation modeling Completion of Upper Secondary Mainstream School in Autistic Students in Sweden Psychosocial Outcomes in Autistic Children Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic Collateral Damage: The Impacts of School Exclusion on the Mental Health of Parents Caring for Autistic Children Ethnic Group Differences in the Timing of Autism Diagnosis, Intellectual Disability, and Educational Placement of Autistic Children in Singapore "If he has education, there will not be any problem": Factors affecting access to education for children with disabilities in Tamil Nadu, India Is parent education a factor in identifying autism/takiwātanga in an ethnic cohort of Pacific children in Aotearoa, New Zealand? A national cross-sectional study using linked administrative data Improving Student Attitudes Toward Autistic Individuals: A Systematic Review 'I'm not just being difficult . . . I'm finding it difficult': A qualitative approach to understanding experiences of autistic parents when interacting with statutory services regarding their autistic child Exploring context for implementation of inclusive education for children with developmental disabilities in mainstream primary schools in Ethiopia Health and Education Services During the COVID-19 Pandemic Among Young Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder and Other Developmental Disabilities The impact of educational and medical systems on autistic children from multilingual American homes: A systematic review Predicting Social Competence in Autistic and Non-Autistic Children: Effects of Prosody and the Amount of Speech Input How Autism Assistance Canines Enhance the Lives of Autistic Children School participation of autistic youths: The influence of youth, family and school factors Profiles and Longitudinal Growth Trajectories of Teacher-Rated Academic Skills and Enablers in Autistic Children and Adolescents Barriers to Providing Transitional Supports for Autistic Students: Insights of School Professionals Self-Regulation and Academic Learning in Preschoolers with Autism Spectrum Disorder: Links to School Engagement and Levels of Autism Characteristics Successful perioperative preparation of a child with autism spectrum disorder in collaboration with his school for special needs education: a case report Impact of Adverse Childhood Experiences and Mental Health on School Success in Autistic Children: Findings from the 2016-2021 National Survey of Children's Health Navigating the Transition to Adulthood: Insights from Caregivers of Autistic Individuals Coherence of Parental Representations Following Therapy for Autistic Children "He's shouting so loud but nobody's hearing him": A multi-informant study of autistic pupils' experiences of school non-attendance and exclusion Developmental Impacts of Early Sensory Patterns on School-Age Adaptive, Maladaptive, and Participation Outcomes in Autistic and Non-autistic Children Identifying Needs of Ethiopian and Eritrean American Parents of Autistic Children Autistic Characteristics, Cognitive Impairment, and Sex as Predictors of Anxiety and Depression among Autistic Youth Autistic Characteristics, Cognitive Impairment, and Sex as Predictors of Anxiety and Depression among Autistic Youth Self-perceived bullying victimization in pre-adolescents on the autism spectrum: EPINED study Autistic pupils' experiences in primary and post-primary schools: A scoping review and consultation with autistic pupils in Ireland Brief Report: Rural-Urban Differences in Disability Prevalence, Healthcare Services Utilization, and Participation in Special Education Patterns of Psychotropic Prescribing Practices in Autistic Children and Adolescents: An Australian Perspective of Two Cohorts Five Years Apart Key developmental milestones helped to identify children with special educational needs and disabilities at an early stage Sibling Relationships in Families of Autistic and Typical Children: Similarities and Differences in the Perspectives of Siblings and Mothers Code- and Meaning-related Emergent Literacy Skills and Joint Attention in Autistic and Non-Autistic Children Code- and Meaning-related Emergent Literacy Skills and Joint Attention in Autistic and Non-Autistic Children Mind the Gap: Executive Function Is Associated with the Discrepancy Between Cognitive and Adaptive Functioning in Autistic Children Without Cognitive Delay The Economic Impacts of COVID-19 on Autistic Children and Their Families Writing Self-Concept, Text Engagement, and Writing Practices Across Contexts: Comparisons Between School-Age Children on the Autism Spectrum and Their Non-Autistic Peers Intellectual development in young children with autism spectrum disorders: A longitudinal study Motor Control Adherence to the Two-thirds Power Law Differs in Autistic Development Language growth in verbal autistic children from 5 to 11 years Perceived Parent Needs for Improving Parent Participation in School-Based Therapies for Children with Disabilities Using the Parent-Therapist Partnership Survey A commentary on children's books about autism: What messages do they send about neurodiversity? Unpacking the prevalence: A warning against overstating the recently narrowed gap for Black autistic youth Mothering and mother-child interactions in the unaffected siblings of autistic children Autistic children and their parents in the context of war: Preliminary findings The Sensory Profiles, Eating Behaviors, and Quality of Life of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder and Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder Inclusion of autistic students in schools: Knowledge, self-efficacy, and attitude of teachers in Germany Measuring Parent-Child Transactions for Early Identification of Young Autistic Children Resting Frontal Gamma Power is Associated with Both Expressive Language and Non-verbal Cognitive Abilities in Young Autistic Children The characterization of feeding challenges in autistic children Irritability as a Transdiagnostic Risk Factor for Functional Impairment in Autistic and Non-autistic Toddlers and Preschoolers Minimally invasive surgical approach in children treated for oesophageal atresia is associated with attention problems at school age: a prospective cohort study Enhancing IEP Goal Development for Preschoolers with Autism: A Preliminary Study on ChatGPT Integration Psychological behavioral therapies to improve autistic children's behaviors during dental visits: A systematic review and meta-analysis Sleeping Sound Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD): Cost-Effectiveness of a Brief Behavioural Sleep Intervention in Primary School-Aged Autistic Children Empathy in autistic children: Emotional overarousal in response to others' physical pain Prevalence of comorbidity of autism and ADHD and associated characteristics in school population: EPINED study Effects of Parent-Delivered Traditional Thai Massage on Gait and Heart Rate Variability in Children with Autism: A Randomized Controlled Trial Expression and co-regulation of negative emotion in 18-month-olds at increased likelihood for autism with diverse developmental outcomes Bullying Victimization is Associated with Heightened Rates of Anxiety and Depression Among Autistic and ADHD Youth: National Survey of Children's Health 2016-2020 Assessment of Knowledge and Attitudes Toward Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder Among Undergraduate Nursing Students An Exploratory Study of Resilience to Stressful Life Events in Autistic Children COVID-19 Pandemic Experiences of Families in Which a Child/Youth Has Autism and Their Service Providers: Perspectives and Lessons Learned