At one time considered a possible form of neuromyelitis optica (NMO) spectrum disorder (NMOSD), it is now accepted that myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) antibody (Ab)-associated disorder (MOGAD) is a distinct entity from either NMO or multiple sclerosis (MS) and represents a broad spectrum of clinical phenotypes. Whereas Abs targeting aquaporin-4 (AQP4) in NMO are pathogenic, the extent that anti-MOG Abs contribute to CNS damage in MOGAD is unclear. Both AQP4-specific Abs in NMO and MOG-specific Abs in MOGAD are predominantly IgG1, a T cell-dependent immunoglobulin (Ig) subclass. Key insights in neuroimmunology and MOGAD pathogenesis have been learned from MOG experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), described 2 decades before the term MOGAD was introduced. MOG-specific T cells are required in MOG EAE, and while anti-MOG Abs can exacerbate EAE and CNS demyelination, those Abs are neither necessary nor sufficient to cause EAE. Knowledge regarding the spectrum of MOGAD clinical and radiologic presentations is advancing rapidly, yet our grasp of MOGAD pathogenesis is incomplete. Understanding both the humoral and cellular immunology of MOGAD has implications for diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis.
J Anesth Analg Crit Care. 2024 Aug 5;4(1):53. doi: 10.1186/s44158-024-00188-w.ABSTRACTBACKGROUND: Thoracotomy is one of the surgical procedures most burdened by chronic post-operative pain. There is...
J Neuroeng Rehabil. 2024 Aug 5;21(1):135. doi: 10.1186/s12984-024-01427-5.ABSTRACTBACKGROUND: Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) and EEG-guided neurofeedback techniques can reduce motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease (PD)....
Behav Brain Funct. 2024 Aug 5;20(1):19. doi: 10.1186/s12993-024-00245-y.ABSTRACTCaffeine is a widely used drug that broadly affects human cognition and brain function. Caffeine acts as an...
J Transl Med. 2024 Aug 5;22(1):727. doi: 10.1186/s12967-024-05526-8.ABSTRACTBACKGROUND: Vascular dysregulation is one of the major risk factors of glaucoma, and endothelin-1 (ET-1) may have a...
BMJ Open Ophthalmol. 2024 Aug 5;9(1):e001705. doi: 10.1136/bmjophth-2024-001705.ABSTRACTOBJECTIVE: To quantitatively evaluate visual evoked potentials (VEPs) in prosthetic vision and simulated visual reduction.METHODS AND ANALYSIS: Four...
BMJ Open Ophthalmol. 2024 Aug 5;9(1):e001572. doi: 10.1136/bmjophth-2023-001572.ABSTRACTINTRODUCTION: Modern intraocular lens (IOL) designs for cataract treatment can be broadly classified into three focal range categories;...
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