Evidence
![](https://psychiatryai.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/psychiatryai_com.webp)
J Physiol. 2024 Apr 30. doi: 10.1113/JP282560. Online ahead of print.
ABSTRACT
After exposure of the human body to resistive exercise, the force-generation capacity of the trained muscles increases significantly. Despite decades of research, the neural and muscular stimuli that initiate these changes in muscle force are not yet fully understood. The study of these adaptations is further complicated by the fact that the changes may be partly specific to the training task. For example, short-term strength training does not always influence the neural drive to muscles during the early phase (<100 ms) of force development in rapid isometric contractions. Here we discuss some of the studies that have investigated neuromuscular adaptations underlying changes in maximal force and rate of force development produced by different strength training interventions, with a focus on changes observed at the level of spinal motor neurons. We discuss the different motor unit adjustments needed to increase force or speed, and the specificity of some of the adaptations elicited by differences in the training tasks.
PMID:38686581 | DOI:10.1113/JP282560
![Google](https://www.google.com/images/branding/googlelogo/2x/googlelogo_light_color_92x30dp.png)
![Google Keep](https://www.gstatic.com/images/branding/product/1x/keep_48dp.png)
![Share on Linkedin](https://psychiatryai.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/linkedin-logo-png-2048-1.png)
Estimated reading time: 3 minute(s)
Latest: Psychiatryai.com #RAISR4D Evidence
![](/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/bd462cc11bcf0bd0d0d6f1d0f8b7cd04-modified-1.png)
Cool Evidence: Engaging Young People and Students in Real-World Evidence
![](/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/bd462cc11bcf0bd0d0d6f1d0f8b7cd04-modified-1.png)
Real-Time Evidence Search [Psychiatry]
![](/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/pubmed.png)
AI Research
![](/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/Il5nR_nf_400x400-modified-1.png)
Specificity of early motor unit adaptations with resistive exercise training
![](https://psychiatryai.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/psychiatryai_com.webp)
🌐 90 Days
AI Virtual Reality Related Evidence Matrix
Neural filtering of physiological tremor oscillations to spinal motor neurons mediates short-term acquisition of a skill learning task Effectiveness of Power Exercises Compared to Traditional Strength Exercises on Motor Skills, Muscle Performance and Functional Muscle Strength of Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: A Single-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative effects of lifelong moderate-intensity continuous training and high-intensity interval training on blood lipid levels and mental well-being in naturally ageing mice A hybrid brain-muscle-machine interface for stroke rehabilitation: Usability and functionality validation in a 2-week intensive intervention A hybrid brain-muscle-machine interface for stroke rehabilitation: Usability and functionality validation in a 2-week intensive intervention Exercise-induced cortical disinhibition mediates the relationship between fitness and memory in older adults Lift Yourself Up: The Short-Term Associations Between Strength Training and Mood States and the Longer Term Development of Physical Capital and "Grit" Among People Recovering From Substance Use Disorders Effects of exercise and doxorubicin on acute diaphragm neuromuscular transmission failure DNA methylation of exercise-responsive genes differs between trained and untrained men Bed rest impairs the vestibular control of balance The Effect of a Table Tennis Exercise Program With a Task-Oriented Approach on Visual Perception and Motor Performance of Adolescents With Developmental Coordination Disorder Treadmill exercise training inhibits morphine CPP by reversing morphine effects on GABA neurotransmission in D2-MSNs of the accumbens-pallidal pathway in male mice Treadmill exercise training inhibits morphine CPP by reversing morphine effects on GABA neurotransmission in D2-MSNs of the accumbens-pallidal pathway in male mice Discrimination sensitivity of visual shapes sharpens in autistic adults but only after explicit category learning Acute Exercise Improves Large-Scale Brain Network Segregation in Healthy Older Adults United States Marine Corps Recruit Training Demands Associated With Performance Outcomes Temporal dynamics of the multi-omic response to endurance exercise training Training-induced changes in population receptive field properties in visual cortex: Impact of eccentric vision training on population receptive field properties and the crowding effect AMPED study: Protocol for a randomized controlled trial of different doses of aerobic exercise training High-intensity interval training ameliorates postnatal immune activation-induced mood disorders through KDM6B-regulated glial activation Integrating analysis of mRNA expression profiles indicates Sgk1 as a key mediator in muscle-brain crosstalk during resistance exercise Maximal Resistance Training in the Treatment of Anorexia Nervosa - A Case Report Series Effects of gender on pulmonary rehabilitation outcomes in patients with COPD Clinical outcomes of interval training in cardiovascular disease populations: A clinical perspective Clinical outcomes of interval training in cardiovascular disease populations: A clinical perspective Fusion of memristor and digital compute-in-memory processing for energy-efficient edge computing The Differential Developmental Neurotoxicity of Valproic Acid on Anterior and Posterior Neural Induction of Human Pluripotent Stem Cells Blood flow restriction Exercise in the perioperative setting to Prevent loss of muscle mass in patients with pancreatic, biliary tract, and liver cancer: study protocol for the PREV-Ex randomized controlled trial Blood flow restriction Exercise in the perioperative setting to Prevent loss of muscle mass in patients with pancreatic, biliary tract, and liver cancer: study protocol for the PREV-Ex randomized controlled trial Effects of inactivity and exercise intervention on brain-derived neurotrophic factor in mice: Comparison of kinetics in serum, skeletal muscle, and brain Optimal exercise intensity for improving executive function in patients with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: systematic review and network meta-analysis Optimal exercise intensity for improving executive function in patients with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: systematic review and network meta-analysis Bichectomy Surgery and EMG Masticatory Muscles Function in Adult Women: A Longitudinal Study Emergent neural dynamics and geometry for generalization in a transitive inference task Emergent neural dynamics and geometry for generalization in a transitive inference task Emergent neural dynamics and geometry for generalization in a transitive inference task Three-dimensional architecture and moment arms of human rotator cuff muscles in vivo: Interindividual, intermuscular, and intramuscular variations Recruit Perspectives on Gender Integration at Recruit Training: A Comparison by Service and Gender Conditioning of Motor Evoked Responses After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: Effects of Stimulus Intensity The Development of an Opioid Misuse Training Program for Physical Therapists: A Learning Community Approach The European Academy of Neurology NeuroCOVID-19 Task Force: A lesson for the future Artificial Intelligence in Parkinson's Disease: Early Detection and Diagnostic Advancements Investigation of left atrial mechanical function and left ventricular systolic and diastolic parameters in athletes performing resistance exercise and combined exercise Effects of School-Based Neurofeedback Training on Attention in Students with Autism and Intellectual Disabilities Directly training temporal Spiking Neural Network with sparse surrogate gradient Long-Term Improvement in Hippocampal-Dependent Learning Ability in Healthy, Aged Individuals Following High Intensity Interval Training Adolescent Treadmill Exercise Enhances Hippocampal Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) Expression and Improves Cognition in Autism-Modeled Rats Adolescent Treadmill Exercise Enhances Hippocampal Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) Expression and Improves Cognition in Autism-Modeled Rats Muscle MRI as a biomarker of disease activity and progression in myotonic dystrophy type 1: a longitudinal study Bridging the gap between experimental control and ecological validity in human sensorimotor science Enhancing Oncologists' Comfort with Serious Illness Conversations: The Impact of Serious Illness Conversation Guide (SICG) Training Neuromodulatory effects of parietal high-definition transcranial direct-current stimulation on network-level activity serving fluid intelligence The effect of robot-assisted versus standard training on motor function following subacute rehabilitation after ischemic stroke - protocol for a randomised controlled trial nested in a prospective cohort (RoboRehab) Clinical gait analysis in older children with autism spectrum disorder Germ Cell Nuclear Factor: from reproductive to craniofacial development An in-person survey of the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on physical function, functional capacity, cognitive function, and mental health among community-dwelling older adults in Japan from 2016 to 2022 Cognitive control training with domain-general response inhibition does not change children's brains or behavior Sensorimotor regulation of facial expression - an untouched frontier The Effect of tDCS on Inhibitory Control and its Transfer Effect on Sustained Attention in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: An fNIRS Study Efficacy of cognitive training on cognition, symptoms and functioning: Impact of motivation and attendance Determining capacity of people with dementia to take part in research: an electronic survey study of researcher confidence, competence and training needs Effect of combined physical-cognitive training on the functional and cognitive capacity of older people with mild cognitive impairment: a randomized controlled trial Muscle dysmorphia: an under-recognised aspect of body dissatisfaction in men Effects of computerized cognitive training on functional brain networks in patients with vascular cognitive impairment and no dementia
Evidence Blueprint
Specificity of early motor unit adaptations with resistive exercise training
![](https://psychiatryai.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/psychiatryai_com.webp)
☊ AI-Driven Related Evidence Nodes
(recent articles with at least 5 words in title)
More Evidence
![](https://psychiatryai.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/psychiatryai_com.webp)
Specificity of early motor unit adaptations with resistive exercise training
🌐 365 Days
AI Virtual Reality Related Evidence Matrix
Motor unit modes in the calf muscles during a submaximal isometric contraction are changed by brief stretches Neural filtering of physiological tremor oscillations to spinal motor neurons mediates short-term acquisition of a skill learning task Reduced exercise capacity occurs before intrinsic skeletal muscle dysfunction in experimental rat models of pulmonary hypertension Effectiveness of Power Exercises Compared to Traditional Strength Exercises on Motor Skills, Muscle Performance and Functional Muscle Strength of Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: A Single-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial Facial electromyography during exercise using soft electrode array: A feasibility study Facial electromyography during exercise using soft electrode array: A feasibility study Hip thrust and back squat training elicit similar gluteus muscle hypertrophy and transfer similarly to the deadlift Antagonism of 5-HT2 receptors attenuates self-sustained firing of human motor units Cardiac output-mediated regulation of cerebral blood flow during exercise: Clinical perspectives on the indirect impact of muscle metaboreflex Effects of Inspiratory Muscle Training in Patients With Pulmonary Hypertension Influence of Proprioceptive Inputs and Force Feedback Modality on Force Reproduction Performance Tongue and Laryngeal Exercises Improve Tongue Strength and Vocal Function Outcomes in a Pink1-/- Rat Model of Early Parkinson Disease Physical Exercise and Health, 4: The Health Care Professional and Patient's Guide to Understanding What to Do, How, and Why-Part 2 Comparative effects of lifelong moderate-intensity continuous training and high-intensity interval training on blood lipid levels and mental well-being in naturally ageing mice Neural Correlates of Balance Skill Learning in Young and Older Individuals: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis High-intensity acute exercise impacts motor learning in healthy older adults Low-load resistance exercise with and without blood flow restriction: Which is more effective for increasing local muscle endurance and why? A hybrid brain-muscle-machine interface for stroke rehabilitation: Usability and functionality validation in a 2-week intensive intervention A hybrid brain-muscle-machine interface for stroke rehabilitation: Usability and functionality validation in a 2-week intensive intervention Exercise-induced cortical disinhibition mediates the relationship between fitness and memory in older adults Resistance training effects on pubertal children with a risk of developing pediatric dynapenia Lift Yourself Up: The Short-Term Associations Between Strength Training and Mood States and the Longer Term Development of Physical Capital and "Grit" Among People Recovering From Substance Use Disorders Effects of exercise and doxorubicin on acute diaphragm neuromuscular transmission failure Ageing attenuates exercise-enhanced motor cortical plasticity Farnesol prevents aging-related muscle weakness in mice through enhanced farnesylation of Parkin-interacting substrate Association between activity in the ventral premotor cortex and spinal cord activation during force generation-A combined cortico-spinal fMRI study Time Limited Benefits of Physical and Proprioceptive Training on Physical Fitness Components in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders DNA methylation of exercise-responsive genes differs between trained and untrained men Delineating the contribution of ageing and physical activity to changes in mitochondrial characteristics across the lifespan Improved processing speed and decreased functional connectivity in individuals with chronic stroke after paired exercise and motor training Bed rest impairs the vestibular control of balance The Effect of a Table Tennis Exercise Program With a Task-Oriented Approach on Visual Perception and Motor Performance of Adolescents With Developmental Coordination Disorder Effects of 12-week gait retraining on plantar flexion torque, architecture, and behavior of the medial gastrocnemius in vivo Effects of 12-week gait retraining on plantar flexion torque, architecture, and behavior of the medial gastrocnemius in vivo Treadmill exercise training inhibits morphine CPP by reversing morphine effects on GABA neurotransmission in D2-MSNs of the accumbens-pallidal pathway in male mice Treadmill exercise training inhibits morphine CPP by reversing morphine effects on GABA neurotransmission in D2-MSNs of the accumbens-pallidal pathway in male mice Discrimination sensitivity of visual shapes sharpens in autistic adults but only after explicit category learning Effect of a 36-Week Supervised Exercise Training Program on Physical and Cognitive Function in Older Patients With Dementia Intrinsic motoneuron properties in typical human development Exercise training improves serum biomarkers of liver fibroinflammation in patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis DBC1 maintains skeletal muscle integrity by enhancing myogenesis and preventing myofibre wasting Acute Exercise Improves Large-Scale Brain Network Segregation in Healthy Older Adults Motor Capabilities in Children with ADHD Are Improved after Brief Visuopostural Training United States Marine Corps Recruit Training Demands Associated With Performance Outcomes Transcriptional control of motor pool formation and motor circuit connectivity by the LIM-HD protein Isl2 Ablation of the carboxy-terminal end of MAMDC2 causes a distinct muscular dystrophy Temporal dynamics of the multi-omic response to endurance exercise training The Influence of Branched-Chain Amino Acid Supplementation on Fatigue and Tryptophan Metabolism After Acute and Chronic Exercise in Older Adults: Protocol for a Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial The Influence of Menstrual Cycle Phases on Maximal Strength Performance in Healthy Female Adults: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis Training-induced changes in population receptive field properties in visual cortex: Impact of eccentric vision training on population receptive field properties and the crowding effect Arterial Aging and Cerebrovascular Function: Impact of Aerobic Exercise Training in Older Adults AMPED study: Protocol for a randomized controlled trial of different doses of aerobic exercise training High-intensity interval training ameliorates postnatal immune activation-induced mood disorders through KDM6B-regulated glial activation Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Exercise Interventions for Psychotic Disorders: The Impact of Exercise Intensity, Mindfulness Components, and Other Moderators on Symptoms, Functioning, and Cardiometabolic Health Integrating analysis of mRNA expression profiles indicates Sgk1 as a key mediator in muscle-brain crosstalk during resistance exercise Maximal Resistance Training in the Treatment of Anorexia Nervosa - A Case Report Series Efficacy of interactive manual dexterity training after stroke: a pilot single-blinded randomized controlled trial Pulmonary Function Tests Post-Stroke. Correlation between Lung Function, Severity of Stroke, and Improvement after Respiratory Muscle Training Gender Differences in Body Satisfaction Perception: The Role of Nutritional Habits, Psychological Traits, and Physical Activity in a Strength-Training Population Effects of gender on pulmonary rehabilitation outcomes in patients with COPD Lithium and exercise ameliorate insulin-deficient hyperglycemia by independently attenuating pancreatic α-cell mass and hepatic gluconeogenesis Clinical outcomes of interval training in cardiovascular disease populations: A clinical perspective Clinical outcomes of interval training in cardiovascular disease populations: A clinical perspective Abdominal aerobic endurance exercise reveals spot reduction exists: A randomized controlled trial