Mental Health

Laparoscopic totally extraperitoneal (TEP) inguinal hernia repair has become increasingly favored over open Lichtenstein tension-free mesh repair owing to its associated benefits, including reduced postoperative pain, early return to normal activities, and a comparable recurrence rate. In recent years, emphasis has been placed on patient-reported outcomes, particularly health-related quality of life (QOL), as a critical metric for evaluating surgical success. This study aimed to evaluate the overall QOL following laparoscopic TEP repair of unilateral inguinal hernia.

Many breast cancer patients suffer from fear of cancer recurrence (FCR). However, effective physical intervention for FCR has been scarce. Previous studies have confirmed that repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) can help improve patients' anxiety, depression, fear, and stress level. Therefore, this study aims to assess the efficacy of rTMS in the treatment of FCR in breast cancer patients and explore its underlying neural mechanism.

Although uncommon, suicide by jumping is almost always lethal and can be significantly elevated locally due to the availability of tall structures including bridges and other high-risk locations. Empirical evidence suggests that restricting access to certain suicide methods is highly effective at preventing suicide, prompting the construction of physical barriers in many high-risk jumping locations. However, some have argued that these measures are too costly and only lead to method or location substitution.

 Surgery is the treatment of choice for growth hormone (GH)-secreting pituitary adenoma. The remission of random GH depends on various factors. We aimed to evaluate the predictors related to remission of random GH following surgical treatment.  We collected the data retrospectively from the chart review from a single unit of neurosurgery. The diagnostic criteria for remission were a random GH < 1 ng/mL or nadir GH < 0.4 ng/mL after an oral glucose tolerance test.  Data from a total of 110 (females 62 [56.4%]) patients were available for follow-up and were analyzed. The mean age was 36.5 years (14-69 years). Vision impairments were seen in 39 (35.5%) patients. The mean duration of symptoms before surgery was 34 months. The mean volume of the tumor was 7.2 mL (0.44-109.8 mL). Knosp grade 3 and 4 tumors were seen in 41.5% of cases. The mean preoperative random GH level was 68.9 ng/mL. Transsphenoidal surgery was done in 107 (97.3%) cases. The gross total resection could be done in 36 (32.7%) cases. At 3 months, 25 (26%) patients had a biochemical remission. In univariable analysis, lower Knosp grade, preoperative GH level < 40 ng/mL, gross total resection, and male gender were associated with remission at 3 months. In regression analysis, preoperative GH and male gender were related to remission at 3 months.  The preoperative GH level < 40 ng/mL is associated with higher chances of remission after surgery for GH-secreting pituitary adenoma.

Depression literacy (DL) is increasingly recognized as an important predictor of mental health outcomes, but there remains a noticeable lack of scientific inquiry focusing on Korean Americans in this area. In addition, women are known to be more susceptible to depression, potentially affecting their DL and depressive symptoms differently than men. This study aimed to explore two primary objectives: (1) the potential role of self-rated mental health (SRMH) in mediating the association between DL and depressive symptoms in this population, and (2) whether gender differences exist in the presence and magnitudes of these mediation effects.

Decision-making deficits, assessed cognitively, are often associated with mental health symptoms, however, this relationship is not fully understood. This paper explores the relationship between mental health disorders and decision-making, using the Cambridge Gambling Task (CGT). Our study investigated how decision-making varied across 20 different mental health conditions compared to controls in a sample of 572 young adults from the Minneapolis and Chicago metropolitan areas, using a computerized laboratory-based task. Almost all mental health conditions were associated with at least mild (i.e. at least small effect size) impairment in all three studied parameters of the CGT (risk adjustment, quality of decision-making and overall proportion of bet). Notably, binge eating disorder had the largest cognitive impairment and gambling disorder had moderate impairment. Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) was associated with impaired decision-making while obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and depression showed moderate impairment. Additionally, half of the disorders assessed had moderate to large impairment in risk adjustment.These findings suggest that mental health conditions may have a more complex cognitive profile than previously thought, and a better understanding of these impairments may aid in risk assessment and targeted clinical interventions. This study underscores the need for further research to determine the causal pathways between mental health conditions and cognition, as well as to better understand the day-to-day impact of such deficits.

Both impulsivity and compulsivity have been identified as risk factors for problematic use of the internet (PUI). Yet little is known about the relationship between impulsivity, compulsivity and individual PUI symptoms, limiting a more precise understanding of mechanisms underlying PUI.

Frailty is a significant cause of adverse health events including long-term care and hospitalization. Although information and communication technology (ICT) has become an integral part of modern life, it remains unclear whether ICT use is associated with frailty.

Refugees and asylum seekers who identify as sexual minorities and/or who have been persecuted for same-sex acts maneuver through multiple oppressive systems at all stages of migration. Sexual minority refugees and asylum seekers (SM RAS) report experiencing a greater number of persecutory experiences and worse mental health symptoms than refugees and asylum seekers persecuted for reasons other than their sexual orientation (non-SM RAS). SM RAS are growing in numbers, report a need and desire for mental health treatment, and are often referred to therapy during the asylum process. However, little research has been conducted on the treatment needs of SM RAS in therapy or the strategies therapists use to address these needs. This study sought to identify these factors through qualitative interviews with providers at a specialty refugee mental health clinic ( = 11), who had experience treating both SM RAS and non-SM RAS. Interviews were transcribed and coded for themes of similarities and differences between SM RAS and non-SM RAS observed during treatment and factors that could be leveraged to reduce mental health disparities between SM RAS and non-SM RAS. Clinicians reported that compared to the non-SM RAS, SM RAS reported greater childhood trauma exposure, increased isolation, decreased support, identity-related shame, difficulty trusting others, and continued discrimination due to their SM identitiy. Suggested adaptations included reducing isolation, preparing for ongoing identity-based challenges, creating safe spaces to express SM identity, and a slower treatment pace. Providers reported benefits and drawbacks to centering the client's SM identity in treatment and encouraging community involvement for SM RAS, and noted additional training in cultural awareness would be beneficial. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Liaison mental health services provide mental health care to patients in acute hospital settings. Evaluation of liaison services is challenging due to their heterogeneous organisation and delivery, high case throughput and varied patient case mix. We aimed to link routinely collected National Health Service data from secondary care settings, chosen for their service characteristics, to data from primary care to evaluate hospital-based liaison mental health services in England.

This review of 16 prevention-related publications in during 2022 is framed by three models: (1) Mental Health Intervention Spectrum: health promotion → types of prevention → case identification/referral → treatment; (2) the prevention cycle: rationale and theory, shaped by critical reviews → clarifying risk and protective factors → program innovation and feasibility studies → efficacy and effectiveness research → program dissemination; and (3) definitions of and links between disordered eating (DE) and eating disorders (EDs). Seven articles fell into the category of prevention rationale (including screening studies) and relevant reviews, while nine articles addressed correlates of/risk factors (RFs) for various aspects of DE and EDs. One implication of the 16 articles reviewed is that RF research toward construction of selective and indicated prevention programs for an expanding array of diverse at-risk groups needs to address, from a nuanced, intersectional framework, a broad range of factors beyond negative body image and internalization of beauty ideals. Another implication is that, to expand and improve current and forthcoming prevention programs, and to shape effective advocacy for prevention-oriented social policy, the field in general and in particular need more scholarship in the form of critical reviews and meta-analyses; protective factor research; prevention program development and multi-stage evaluation; and case studies of multi-step activism at the local, state (province, region), and national levels.

This school program evaluation aims to highlight the mental health needs of students in special education with behavioral and emotional challenges and describe the implementation of a resilience curriculum with this population. We evaluated district mental health data from a convenience sample of 814 students in grades 5-12 special education to identify risk for mental health symptoms, violence exposure, and substance use. School social workers provided feedback on the implementation of the resilience curriculum to inform program evaluation. Students reported significant risk for traumatic stress, anxiety, and depressive symptoms, and high rates of violence exposure and substance use. School social workers described adaptations to the resilience curriculum and gave recommendations for future implementation. Students receiving special education services for behavioral and emotional challenges had high mental health need, including high rates of violence exposure, and may benefit from a trauma-informed school-based resilience curriculum adapted for their needs.

Most medical schools have instituted undergraduate medical education (UME) well-being programs in recent years in response to high rates of medical student distress, but there is currently significant variability in the structure of UME well-being programs and limited guidance on how to best structure such programs to achieve success. In this article, the authors, all leaders of medical student well-being programs at their home institutions and members of the Association of American Medical Colleges Group on Student Affairs Committee on Student Affairs Working Group on Medical Student Well-Being between 2019 and 2023, offer guidance to the national community on how best to structure a UME well-being program. They use the current literature and their professional experiences leading well-being efforts at 7 different institutions to review the case for addressing medical student well-being, propose a guiding model, and make recommendations for strategies to implement this model.The proposed guiding model emphasizes the importance of the learning environment and efficiency of learning to medical student well-being, as well as personal resilience. Based on this model, the authors recommend specific and tangible well-being strategies to implement systemic interventions to improve the learning environment, efficiency of learning, and personal resilience, including: formalizing the well-being program; hiring qualified, dedicated, and empowered well-being leadership with clear responsibilities; acting as a central hub for resources and as a liaison with mental health care; and establishing robust program evaluation methods.

Early-life adversities, whether prenatal or postnatal exposure, have been linked to adverse mental health outcomes later in life increasing the risk of several psychiatric disorders. Research on its neurobiological consequences demonstrated an association between exposure to adversities and persistent alterations in the structure, function, and connectivity of the brain. Consistent evidence supports the idea that regulation of gene expression through epigenetic mechanisms are involved in embedding the impact of early-life experiences in the genome and mediate between social environments and later behavioral phenotypes. In addition, studies from rodent models and humans suggest that these experiences and the acquired risk factors can be transmitted through epigenetic mechanisms to offspring and the following generations potentially contributing to a cycle of disease or disease risk. However, one of the important aspects of epigenetic mechanisms, unlike genetic sequences that are fixed and unchangeable, is that although the epigenetic markings are long-lasting, they are nevertheless potentially reversible. In this review, we summarize our current understanding of the epigenetic mechanisms involved in the mental health consequences derived from early-life exposure to malnutrition, maltreatment and poverty, adversities with huge and pervasive impact on mental health. We also discuss the evidence about transgenerational epigenetic inheritance in mammals and experimental data suggesting that suitable social and pharmacological interventions could reverse adverse epigenetic modifications induced by early-life negative social experiences. In this regard, these studies must be accompanied by efforts to determine the causes that promote these adversities and that result in health inequity in the population.

This study investigates the goal/habit imbalance theory of compulsion in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), which postulates enhanced habit formation, increased automaticity, and impaired goal/habit arbitration. It directly tests these hypotheses using newly developed behavioral tasks. First, OCD patients and healthy participants were trained daily for a month using a smartphone app to perform chunked action sequences. Despite similar procedural learning and attainment of habitual performance (measured by an objective automaticity criterion) by both groups, OCD patients self-reported higher subjective habitual tendencies via a recently developed questionnaire. Subsequently, in a re-evaluation task assessing choices between established automatic and novel goal-directed actions, both groups were sensitive to re-evaluation based on monetary feedback. However, OCD patients, especially those with higher compulsive symptoms and habitual tendencies, showed a clear preference for trained/habitual sequences when choices were based on physical effort, possibly due to their higher attributed intrinsic value. These patients also used the habit-training app more extensively and reported symptom relief post-study. The tendency to attribute higher intrinsic value to familiar actions may be a potential mechanism leading to compulsions and an important addition to the goal/habit imbalance hypothesis in OCD. We also highlight the potential of smartphone app training as a habit reversal therapeutic tool.

Drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) syndrome is gaining attention in pharmacovigilance, but its association with antipsychotics, other than clozapine, is still unclear.

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a severe mental illness characterized by a lack of objective biomarkers. Mounting evidence suggests there are extensive transcriptional molecular changes in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) of individuals with MDD. However, it remains unclear whether there are specific genes that are consistently altered and possess diagnostic power. In this study, we conducted a systematic search of PFC datasets of MDD patients from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. We calculated the differential expression of genes (DEGs) and identified robust DEGs using the RRA and MetaDE methods. Furthermore, we validated the consistently altered genes and assessed their diagnostic power through enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay experiments in our clinical blood cohort. Additionally, we evaluated the diagnostic power of hub DEGs in independent public blood datasets. We obtained eight PFC datasets, comprising 158 MDD patients and 263 healthy controls, and identified a total of 1468 unique DEGs. Through integrated analysis, we identified 290 robustly altered DEGs. Among these, seven hub DEGs (SLC1A3, PON2, AQP1, EFEMP1, GJA1, CENPD, HSD11B1) were significantly down-regulated at the protein level in our clinical blood cohort. Moreover, these hub DEGs exhibited a negative correlation with the Hamilton Depression Scale score (P < 0.05). Furthermore, these hub DEGs formed a panel with promising diagnostic power in three independent public blood datasets (average AUCs of 0.85) and our clinical blood cohort (AUC of 0.92). The biomarker panel composed of these genes demonstrated promising diagnostic efficacy for MDD and serves as a useful tool for its diagnosis.

There is growing concern around the use of sodium nitrite (SN) as an emerging means of suicide, particularly among younger people. Given the limited information on the topic from traditional public health surveillance sources, we studied posts made to an online suicide discussion forum, "Sanctioned Suicide," which is a primary source of information on the use and procurement of SN.

This constructivist grounded theory study aimed to (1) explore patients' experiences of and roles in interprofessional collaborative practice for chronic conditions in primary care and (2) consider the relevance and alignment of an existing theoretical framework on patients' roles and based on the experiences of patient advocates.

Music educators are subjected to many physical and psychological stresses encountered in the workplace. These stresses could be counteracted by certain work-related behavior and experience patterns as personal resources to reduce the negative consequences of stress. The aim of the study was to determine the existing work-related behavioral and experiential patterns and the characteristics of the ( - AVEM) questionnaire dimensions in the professional group of music educators according to age group.

Young women with type 1 diabetes are a high-risk population for eating disorders (ED). Prevention programs are lacking. In young women without diabetes, the Body Project has produced reductions in ED risk factors, ED symptoms and future ED onset. Therefore, the Body Project was adapted to type 1 diabetes, the Diabetes Body Project (DBP). In this protocol, we describe the multi-site randomized controlled trial (RCT) to evaluate efficacy of the DBP.

People with eating disorders are often placed on lengthy waitlists for treatment. This is problematic, as increased time spent on waitlists has been shown to predict dropout. We examined whether providing brief interventions to people on a waitlist improved retention or outcomes in treatment. Participants ( = 85) were referred to a university training clinic for 10-session cognitive behavioural therapy for non-underweight patients with eating disorders (CBT-T). While waitlisted for CBT-T, participants were randomised to one of two waitlist interventions or a control condition. In one waitlist intervention (CRT-Brief), participants received a cognitive remediation therapy session at the start of the waitlist period. In the other waitlist intervention (brief contact), participants were sent a short supportive email and psychoeducation halfway through the waitlist period. The control condition was waitlist as usual. There was no evidence to suggest that the waitlist interventions improved symptoms during the waitlist period or CBT-T. However, participants who received a waitlist intervention were three times more likely to complete treatment. The present study suggests that providing even brief contact while people are waitlisted for eating disorder treatment significantly improves retention. However, replication in a more adequately powered study is required.

There is little information about predictors of physical therapy (PT) use among injured workers with back pain. The primary objective of this study is to investigate the associations between PT use and baseline factors not routinely captured in workers' compensation (WC) data.

Previous evidence suggests that benefits of mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) may depend on individuals' baseline trait mindfulness (BTM) levels. This meta-analysis investigated moderating effects of BTM on changes in mental health outcomes and trait mindfulness in randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of MBIs. A total of 177 primary studies (total N = 13,486), comparing the treatment effects of MBIs against active, treatment-as-usual (TAU) and waitlist control groups, were synthesised via three-level meta-analysis. Lower BTM was associated with larger changes in mental health outcomes (B = -0.14, 95% CI [-0.21, -0.06], p < .001) and trait mindfulness (B = -0.09 [-0.16, -0.02], p = .009) in MBIs and active controls combined. These associations were significantly larger than from those in TAU and waitlist controls. Moderating effects were less tangible for changes in trait mindfulness in MBIs and active controls individually and less tangible in various sensitivity analyses which, however, were confounded by client type across the RCTs. Individuals low in BTM may, by a small effect size, benefit more from MBIs and active control interventions. BTM may thus affect the evaluation of treatment efficacy. MBIs and active interventions could be offered specifically to persons low in BTM.

Mental ill health has a high economic impact on society and employers. National and international policy advocates line manager (LM) training in mental health as a key intervention, but little is known about employer training provisions.

The alternative model of personality disorders (AMPD) traits were designed to maintain continuity with the Section II personality disorder (PD) diagnoses by retaining the same clinical information. Whether the AMPD traits achieve this is not well established. Prior work testing incremental validity of AMPD traits and Section II diagnoses is limited by the fact each model was measured by a different instrument or rater, making it unclear whether discrepancies are due to the constructs or methods. Here, we compare the incremental validity of AMPD traits versus Section II PDs assessed by the same instrument and rater. Participants ( = 311, 50% received past-year mental health treatment) completed a clinical interview, baseline self-reports, and 14-day ambulatory assessment protocol. Interviewers rated AMPD domains, facets, and Section II criteria from the same interview (Structured Interview for Personality). We used hierarchical regression models to evaluate the variance predicted in 17 clinically relevant cross-sectional and momentary variables by the AMPD traits and Section II PDs. Incremental ² showed that Section II PDs account for little variance in outcomes over and above the AMPD domains/facets, whereas the AMPD facets were generally more predictive of outcomes than the Section II PDs. Results add novel evidence that dimensional PD traits-not a particular assessment method-are equivalent or superior to PD categories for predicting social, emotional, and behavioral functioning. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

While childhood adversity (CA) is known to be associated with multiple adverse outcomes, its link with dementia is an area with limited exploration and inconsistent agreement. The study aimed to examine the longitudinal associations of CA with incident all-cause dementia and to quantify the potential mediating pathways.

This preface introduces the Journal of Neurochemistry Special Issue on Advances in Epilepsy Research. Epilepsy is a devastating disease characterized by recurrent seizures. Despite the addition of numerous therapeutics over the last few decades epilepsy patients resistant to standard of care treatments remains stubbornly high. This highlights a clear unmet clinical need and the importance of new research into this disease. One major advance over the last two decades has been the recognition that genetic factors play a significant role in the underlying pathogenesis of epilepsy. Much of our insights into the pathogenic mechanisms underlying genetic epilepsy has come from research into genes that encode ion channels. In this issue, there are up-to-date reviews discussing epilepsy caused by variation in HCN channels, voltage-dependent sodium channels, voltage-dependent calcium channels, and GABA receptors. The reviews highlight our understanding of the genotype-phenotype relationships and the identification of precision medicine approaches. Complimenting this is a review on metabolic aspects modulating ion channels in genetic disease. This issue also has fundamental research manuscripts investigating how currently approved drugs may rescue NMDA receptor dysfunction and how in vitro neuron cultures can be used to probe network scale deficits and drug impacts in SCN2A disease. Other primary data manuscripts include those focusing on metabolic therapies, gut microbiota, and new in vivo screening tools for identifying novel anti-seizure drugs. Collectively, manuscripts published as part of this edition highlight recent research gains, especially in our understanding of genetic causes of epilepsy involving ion channels.

Physical therapists play a vital role in the Norwegian health care system, and their work environment may be a significant determinant for their wellbeing and job performance.

Maternal parenting self-efficacy plays a critical role in facilitating positive parenting practices and successful adaption to motherhood. The Perceived Maternal Parenting Self-Efficacy Scale (PMPS-E), as a task-specific measure, confirms its psychometric properties in cultural contexts. Compared with other tools, the advantages of the PMPS-E are as follows: (i) specific context or time period during the lifespan of a child, (ii) explicitly assess parenting self-efficacy across a diverse enough range of parenting tasks or activities during the perinatal/postnatal period and (iii) having robust psychometric properties. The aim of this study was to translate and determine the psychometric properties of the PMPS-E among Chinese postpartum women (C-PMPS-E).

Trauma plays an important role in the development of psychosis, but no studies have investigated whether a trauma-focused therapy could prevent psychosis.

Addressing the psychiatric aspects of serious illness in palliative care (PC) is crucial to both care delivery and outcomes. Psychiatric comorbidities are common among patients with PC needs and can significantly impact their total burden of symptomatic distress, overall quality of life, functional independence, and healthcare utilization. Yet, these aspects of care are often deferred to mental health consultant teams in the context of busy PC services and often limited human resources. To provide comprehensive and person-centered care, PC clinicians must understand the interplay between medical conditions and psychiatric presentations within a biopsychosocial framework to respond empathically, efficiently, and effectively. This article is the first of a two-part series developed in collaboration with a group of psychiatric-palliative care specialists. This article explores ten common physical manifestations of psychiatric illness and treatment among patients facing serious illnesses. The second article will provide pragmatic tips PC clinicians should know about the psychiatric manifestations of nonpsychiatric serious illness and treatment. Combined, these two articles support a holistic approach that PC clinicians can use to prioritize and integrate both mental and emotional well-being throughout the continuum of serious illness.

Timely outpatient follow-up and readmission after discharge are common quality indicators in psychiatric care, but their association varies in previous research. We aimed to examine whether the impact of outpatient follow-up and other factors on readmission risk evolves over time in people with non-affective psychotic disorder (NAP).

Mental health disorders are important prenatal and postpartum health complications. In the rapidly changing healthcare landscape, concerns have been raised about maternal mental well-being in the United States. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between delayed perinatal care and women's mental health during pregnancy and postpartum.

We examined whether cannabis use contributes to the increased risk of psychotic disorder for non-western minorities in Europe.

The bimodal preference is a fourth diurnal preference proposed by re-scoring the Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire. The present work aimed to describe the prevalence of the bimodal preference in a sample of undergraduate students and to characterize the bimodal type in terms of their health and sleep-related outcomes. A web-based cross-sectional study conducted between September 2018 and March 2021 (convenience sampling method). The sample was composed of undergraduate students who completed an electronic form that included the Morningness and Eveningness Questionnaire, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, the Self-Compassion Scale, the Epworth Sleepiness Scale, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, and the World Health Organization Subjective Well-Being Index. The final sample consisted of 615 students (82% female, mean age: 23.4 ± 6.5 years), of whom 108 (18%) had positive bimodality indexes. Bimodal subjects comprised 48 students, 8% of the total sample. Bimodal subjects had poorer subjective sleep quality, more daytime sleepiness, lower subjective well-being, greater anxiety and depression symptoms, and lower self-compassion than morning and/or intermediate types; they did not differ from evening types. The description of bimodal diurnal preference in this population may be of interest for the design of academic policies more in line with the circadian reality of students.

Patients with primary immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) suffer from reduced survival and quality of life, but the underlying reasons for this are largely undescribed. Mental health and the use of psychotropic drugs in ITP is unknown. We investigated the risk of hospital registered mental health events including fatigue and the use of psychotropic drugs in adult patients with ITP compared with the general population, using nationwide registry-data. We identified 3,749 patients with ITP and 149,849 age-sex matched general population comparators in the Danish Health Registries in the period 1997-2016. The median age was 60 years (IQR 40-73) and 53% were women. We followed the individuals for incident mental health events and estimated the use of psychotropic drugs over calendar-years and in temporal relation to diagnosis of ITP. The first year cumulative incidence of any mental health event was 2.3% (95% confidence interval, 1.9-2.9) in patients and 0.7% (0.6-0.7) in comparators, yielding an adjusted cause-specific hazard ratio (csHR) of 3.57 (2.84-4.50). The corresponding estimates for depression were 1.2% (0.9-1.6) and 0.3% (0.3-0.4) respectively, with an adjusted csHR of 3.53 (2.56-4.85). We found similar findings for anxiety and fatigue, but risks generally diminished after 1-5 years. The use of opioids, antidepressants, and benzodiazepines increased in temporal relation to diagnosis of ITP. The risk of mental health events and the use of psychotropic drugs is higher in adult patients with ITP compared with the general population, and has a temporal relation to diagnosis of ITP emphasizing that mental health in ITP is a concern.

Eating disorders (ED) have recently been studied from a network approach, conceptualising them as a complex system of interconnected variables, while highlighting the role of non-ED symptoms and personality dimensions. This study aims to explore the connections between personality and ED symptoms, identify central nodes, and compare the EDs network to a healthy control network.

Background - Contemporary telecare systems facilitate the ability for older adults to age in place, keeping them out of residential care facilities and providing numerous quality-of-life advantages for both care receivers and caregivers. However, despite the acceptance of digital health interventions among older adults and their caregivers' telecare adoption has been slower than expected. This paper aimed to compare attitudes towards adopting telecare systems between care receivers (aging adults) and their caregivers (family/friends). Methods -Data was collected via an online survey. Respondents included aging adults concerned about their care (care receivers), and older adults who cared for an aging loved one (caregivers). Analysis of covariance and partial-least-squares techniques were used to examine the relationships between healthcare concerns for older adults, functional telecare benefits, and telecare acceptance. Results - Concerns for health care status, mainly driven by care receivers, positively impacted telecare acceptance. However, concerns for mental and physical stimulation had a negative relationship with telecare acceptance, while caregivers showed a neutral relationship. Telecare's ability to improve healthcare quality and cognitive stimulation positively impacted its acceptance. Caregivers mainly drove the impact of healthcare quality on telecare acceptance, while the relationship was not significant for care receivers. Care receivers' age reduced telecare acceptance, and higher educational levels of caregivers increased telecare acceptance. Conclusion - We found significant differences in telecare acceptance and its drivers between caregivers and care receivers in the US. In addition, we discerned that not all healthcare concerns or functional telecare characteristics influenced telecare acceptance equally between the two. Consequently, telecare providers must consider the different needs of constituencies interested in telecare to support the life quality of older adults.

, Senior Lecturer in Health Law at Swansea University, considers the practical implications of undertaking mental capacity assessments with a person across a range of different decisions.

The study assessed mothers, children and adolescents' health (MCAH) outcomes in the context of a Primary Health Care (PHC) project and associated costs in two protracted long-term refugee camps, along the Thai-Myanmar border.

The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly affected the psychological well-being of individuals worldwide. Previous research has indicated that values and beliefs, particularly social axioms, are associated with psychological responses during crises. However, most of the studies have focused on specific regions; the impact of social axioms on a global scale remains unclear. We conducted a multinational study comprising stratified samples of 18,171 participants from 35 cultures. Using multilevel modeling, we examined the associations between social axioms, personal worry, normative concerns, trust, and individuals' psychological responses to the pandemic. The results showed that greater personal worry and normative concerns predicted more negative psychological responses. Furthermore, the study also identified significant buffering effects at the societal level, as cultures with higher overall levels of fate control, religiosity, or reward for application exhibited weaker associations between personal worry and negative responses. Our findings reveal the influence of social axioms on psychological responses during the pandemic, with varying effects across cultures. The buffering effects of fate control, religiosity, and reward for application underscore the importance of considering cultural differences and individual variability when examining the impact of social axioms on psychological outcomes.

There has been a significant increase in methamphetamine/amphetamine use in North America, particularly among people who use opioids. Despite its association with several negative health consequences, the population of people who use methamphetamine/amphetamine with opioids is not well characterised. The aim of this study was to investigate correlates of methamphetamine/amphetamine use among adults with prescription-type opioid use disorder (POUD) starting methadone or buprenorphine/naloxone as part of a pragmatic randomised treatment trial in Canada.

Our case report highlights pseudocyesis, a rare medical condition in a 40-year-old woman with comorbid major depressive disorder. Cultural influences on experiences, and the need for understanding sociocultural factors in mental health, are emphasized in low-resource settings.

Trauma centers demonstrate an impressive ability to save lives, as reflected by inpatient survival rates of over 95% in the United States. Nevertheless, we fail to allocate sufficient effort and resources to ensure that survivors and their families receive the necessary care and support after leaving the trauma center. The objective of this scoping review is to systematically map the research on collaborative care models (CCM) that have been put forward to improve trauma survivorship. Of 833 articles screened, we included 16 studies evaluating eight collaborative care programs, predominantly in the U.S. The majority of the programs offered care coordination and averaged 9-months in duration. Three-fourths of the programs incorporated a mental health provider within their primary team. Observed outcomes were diverse: some models showed increased engagement (e.g., Center for Trauma Survivorship, trauma quality-of-life follow-up clinic), while others presented mixed mental health outcomes and varied results on pain and healthcare utilization. The findings of this study indicate that collaborative interventions may be effective in mental health screening, PTSD and depression management, effective referrals, and improving patient satisfaction with care. A consensus on core elements and cost-effectiveness of CCMs is necessary to set the standard for comprehensive care in post-trauma recovery.

The international education sector is important not only to Australian society, but also to the national economy. There are growing concerns about the potential wellbeing challenges facing international students in their host country, owing to acculturative stress; including loneliness, isolation and experiences of racism. Risks include poor mental health and decreased likelihood to access support due to stigma, language and cultural barriers, not knowing where to seek help, and poor mental health knowledge.

Knowledge of statistics is highly important for research scholars, as they are expected to submit a thesis based on original research as part of a PhD program. As statistics play a major role in the analysis and interpretation of scientific data, intensive training at the beginning of a PhD programme is essential. PhD coursework is mandatory in universities and higher education institutes in India. This study aimed to compare the scores of knowledge in statistics and attitudes towards statistics among the research scholars of an institute of medical higher education in South India at different time points of their PhD (i.e., before, soon after and 2-3 years after the coursework) to determine whether intensive training programs such as PhD coursework can change their knowledge or attitudes toward statistics.

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is currently diagnosed in approximately 1 in 44 children in the United States, based on a wide array of symptoms, including sensory dysfunction and abnormal language development. Boys are diagnosed ~ 3.8 times more frequently than girls. Auditory temporal processing is crucial for speech recognition and language development. Abnormal development of temporal processing may account for ASD language impairments. Sex differences in the development of temporal processing may underlie the differences in language outcomes in male and female children with ASD. To understand mechanisms of potential sex differences in temporal processing requires a preclinical model. However, there are no studies that have addressed sex differences in temporal processing across development in any animal model of ASD.

Investigate the influence of organizational intelligence on the development of soft skills and the overall thriving of nurses at Alexandria Main University Hospital in Egypt.

Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder is an autoimmune disease, rarely presents with antiphospholipid syndrome. Diagnosis and management of NMOSD are challenging in the background of diverse presentations, especially in resource-limited settings.

Suicide among male construction workers are reported to be disproportionally high compared to the working age population. However, there is minimal understanding of the prevalence and associated factors for suicidal ideation, non-suicidal self-injury, and suicide attempt among this occupational group globally.

Although patient-reported outcomes provide valuable insights, these subjective data may not align with objective test results. Hearing loss is a pervasive problem, such that concordance between subjective perceptions of hearing ability and objective audiogram assessments would be beneficial.

The deployment of the mental health nurse, an additional healthcare provider for individuals in need of mental healthcare in Dutch general practices, was expected to substitute treatments from general practitioners and providers in basic and specialized mental healthcare (psychologists, psychotherapists, psychiatrists, etc.). The goal of this study was to investigate the extent to which the degree of mental health nurse deployment in general practices is associated with healthcare utilization patterns of individuals with depression.

Residents in nursing homes are prone to cognitive decline affecting memory, visuospatial cognition, and executive functions. Cognitive decline can lead to dementia, necessitating prioritized intervention.

Inadequate and inequitable access to quality behavioral health services and high costs within the mental health systems are long-standing problems. System-level (e.g., fee-for-service payment model, lack of a universal payor) and individual factors (e.g., lack of knowledge of existing resources) contribute to difficulties in accessing resources and services. Patients are underserved in County behavioral health systems in the United States. Orange County's (California) Behavioral Health System Transformation project sought to improve access by addressing two parts of their system: developing a template for value-based contracts that promote payor-agnostic care (Part 1); developing a digital platform to support resource navigation (Part 2). Our aim was to evaluate facilitators of and barriers to each of these system changes.

Adolescents with depression who engage in non-suicidal self harming behaviors are more likely to adopt negative coping strategies when faced with negative events. Therefore, these patients should be introduced to positive coping strategies. Evidences have showed that mindfulness-based interventions can positively impact the psychology of patients with mental disorders. This study was to explore the impact of a combination of mindfulness therapy and mentalization-based family therapy (MBFT) on suicidal ideation in adolescents with depressive disorder.

Considering the need to gain a deeper understanding of the protective factors associated with coping with food insecurity, specifically in times of severe prolonged stress, the current longitudinal study seeks to examine the role of optimism in the relationship between food insecurity and adverse mental health outcomes during the COVID-19 pandemic. A three-wave longitudinal study involving 1921 Israeli adults was performed during the COVID-19 pandemic. Participants completed questionnaires assessing food insecurity, anxiety, depression, optimism, and socio-demographic characteristics. To explore the relationship between food insecurity and symptoms of anxiety and depression, as well as the moderating role of optimism in this relationship, we employed a set of panel regression models with individual fixed effects. Our results indicate that the degree and change in food insecurity over time were positively associated with both anxiety and depression symptoms, whereas the degree and change in optimism were negatively correlated. Optimism was found to moderate the association between food insecurity and anxiety symptoms over time, but not the association between food insecurity and depression symptoms. A subgroup analysis revealed that optimism moderated the relationship between food insecurity and anxiety and depression for women, but not for men; for married/coupled individuals but not for singles; for non-parents with regard to anxiety, and for parents with regard to depression. Our results highlight the need to practice and enhance optimism in times of great despair, uncertainty, and hardship, especially in situations of food insecurity where tangible change may take time.

Research on trauma-informed practices is common in Western countries, but non-Western countries have made minimal contributions in this regard. This study aimed to develop an instrument which could be used to measure perceived competence of teachers in the implementation of trauma-informed practices for students with disabilities in Ghana and the United Arab Emirates (UAE). The Teacher Trauma Management Scale (TTMS), developed using the trauma framework by the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration was used to collect data from 514 teachers in Ghana ( 270) and the UAE ( = 244). Data were subjected to confirmatory factor analysis) and a two-way factorial analysis of variance was conducted. While one hypothesis was supported by the study findings, the other was only partially supported. The findings provided theoretical and structural support for the newly developed TTMS in a non-Western context. This study highlights the need to develop contextual trauma management training models or a curriculum for training teachers.

Online forums are widely used for mental health peer support. However, evidence of their safety and effectiveness is mixed. Further research focused on articulating the contexts in which positive and negative impacts emerge from forum use is required to inform innovations in implementation.

Generalized periodic discharges are a repeated and generalized electroencephalography (EEG) pattern that can be seen in the context of altered mental status. This article describes a series of five individuals with generalized periodic discharges who demonstrated signs and symptoms of catatonia, a treatable neuropsychiatric condition.

Sexual harassment is common and may have serious consequences for well-being and health. We investigated the prevalence of sexual harassment in the general population of Stockholm County across socio-demographic groups and sexual identity, and its association with self-reported health.

There is a clear demand for innovative therapeutics for bipolar disorder (BD).

As people enter old age, they develop diseases, challenges, and cognitive and behavioral deficits that are associated with decreased abilities. Memory abilities and deficiencies and impaired models can be assessed using neuropsychological instruments, and a rehabilitation program can be developed based on the individuals' memory deficits. The present cross-sectional research aims to develop a new test (henceforth known as the Persian Verbal Learning Test, or PVLT) that is appropriate for Persian-speaking older adults.

The objectives of this study were to investigate groupwide variations in social participation among older adults before and during the COVID-19 pandemic and how such variations were associated with their community social cohesion and health. Data were from the National Health and Aging Trends Study (2019-2020; n = 2,597 adults aged 65 or older). Latent class analysis was used to identify groupwide variations in social participation. These variations were then incorporated into adjusted regressions to test relationships with social cohesion and health. Four participation patterns emerged: active, selective independent, occasional, and selective religious participants. Selective independent and occasional participants were likely to live in less socially cohesive communities. During the pandemic, active participants were likely to report better self-rated health and lower risks of depressive and anxiety symptoms and dementia. Findings highlight directions for policy and intervention design that can enhance social participation and support healthy aging.

Policymaking is quickly gaining focus in the field of implementation science as a potential opportunity for aligning cross-sector systems and introducing incentives to promote population health, including substance use disorders (SUD) and their prevention in adolescents. Policymakers are seen as holding the necessary levers for realigning service infrastructure to more rapidly and effectively address adolescent behavioral health across the continuum of need (prevention through crisis care, mental health, and SUD) and in multiple locations (schools, primary care, community settings). The difficulty of aligning policy intent, policy design, and successful policy implementation is a well-known challenge in the broader public policy and public administration literature that also affects local behavioral health policymaking. This study will examine a blended approach of coproduction and codesign (i.e., Policy Codesign), iteratively developed over multiple years to address problems in policy formation that often lead to poor implementation outcomes. The current study evaluates this scalable approach using reproducible measures to grow the knowledge base in this field of study.

Poor oral health disproportionately affects low-income older adults, for whom food insecurity and poor mental health may affect dental health. We explored the associations between food insecurity, mental health, and dental health. Furthermore, we examined whether mental health impacted the associations between food insecurity and dental health.

The prevalence of depression among teenagers is a significant issue worldwide, which calls for a thorough investigation of non-drug treatments. This expedited evaluation examines 24 specifically chosen studies to clarify the correlation between physical activity depression symptoms in teenagers, undertaken following PRISMA principles.

This manuscript is coauthored by 15 young adult Patient RESearch partners (PARES) with lived and living mental health experiences and three institutional researchers across Canada involved in a patient-oriented research (POR) study called the HEARTS Study: Helping Enable Access and Remove Barriers To Support for Young Adults with Mental Health-Related Disabilities. We share our reflections, experiences and lessons learned as we grapple with the field of POR for its lack of clarity, hierarchical structures, internalized ableism, and accessibility challenges, among others. To mitigate the difficulties of POR, we started by laying the groundwork for equality by embracing the principle of Primus Inter Pares: First Among Equals as the foundation of our approach. In this way, we began with what we know for certain: the inherent worth and dignity of young adults as equal partners, recognizing their expertise, worldviews, creativity, and capacity to contribute meaningfully and intentionally to the research that affects their lives and futures.

Psychosocial approaches are the first-line treatments for cocaine dependence, although they still present high dropout and relapse rates. Thus, there is a pressing need to understand which variables influence treatment outcomes to improve current treatments and prevent dropout and relapse rates. The aim of this study is to explore predictors of treatment retention and abstinence in CUD.

Artificial Intelligence (AI) in healthcare marks a new era of innovation and efficiency, characterized by the emergence of sophisticated language models such as ChatGPT (OpenAI, San Francisco, CA, USA), Gemini Advanced (Google LLC, Mountain View, CA, USA), and Co-pilot (Microsoft Corp, Redmond, WA, USA). This review explores the transformative impact of these AI technologies on various facets of healthcare, from enhancing patient care and treatment protocols to revolutionizing medical research and tackling intricate health science challenges. ChatGPT, with its advanced natural language processing capabilities, leads the way in providing personalized mental health support and improving chronic condition management. Gemini Advanced extends the boundary of AI in healthcare through data analytics, facilitating early disease detection and supporting medical decision-making. Co-pilot, by integrating seamlessly with healthcare systems, optimizes clinical workflows and encourages a culture of innovation among healthcare professionals. Additionally, the review highlights the significant contributions of AI in accelerating medical research, particularly in genomics and drug discovery, thus paving the path for personalized medicine and more effective treatments. The pivotal role of AI in epidemiology, especially in managing infectious diseases such as COVID-19, is also emphasized, demonstrating its value in enhancing public health strategies. However, the integration of AI technologies in healthcare comes with challenges. Concerns about data privacy, security, and the need for comprehensive cybersecurity measures are discussed, along with the importance of regulatory compliance and transparent consent management to uphold ethical standards and patient autonomy. The review points out the necessity for seamless integration, interoperability, and the maintenance of AI systems' reliability and accuracy to fully leverage AI's potential in advancing healthcare.

There is inconclusive evidence regarding the role of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) in the development of erectile dysfunction (ED), especially among medical students due to high academic stress.

Ventricle enlargement has been implicated in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD). We studied the relationship between ventricular size and cognitive function in patients with AD. We focused on the effect of the initial ventricle size on the rate of cognitive decline in patients with AD.

Ethnolinguistically diverse 2S/LGBTQI+ (two-spirit, lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer and intersex) populations have unique healthcare needs and experience health inequities compared to their cisgender or heterosexual peers. This community-based participatory study sought to describe the profile and healthcare needs and experiences of official language minority French-speaking 2S/LGBTQI+ adults in Manitoba. Participants ( 80) reported that gender and sexual identity were often concealed from service providers; many respondents faced discrimination based on their ethnolinguistic and sexual identities. Service gaps are identified pertaining to mental and sexual health; locating 2S/LGBTQI+-friendly, patient-centred care in French is difficult. Policy and practice should address systemic inequity and discrimination experienced by this equity-seeking population.

In the spring of 2024, the federal government is expected to report on its legislative review of the (2018). One of the most contentious issues is whether to relax restrictions on cannabis promotion. This commentary describes the tension between the public health aims of legalization and the secondary aim of displacing the illicit market. We maintain that among jurisdictions that have legalized cannabis, Canada stands out as having the stated primary objective of safeguarding public health, and its restrictions on promotion are evidence-based and innovative. These measures must be preserved, even in the face of growing industry pressure to loosen them.

Many chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) patients have highly stressful life events and exhibit psychiatric comorbidities. Emotional stress can cause or exacerbate urticaria symptoms by causing mast cell degranulation via neuromediators.

Poor mental wellbeing is a challenge for societies across the world, as is the increasing threat of climate change, and emerging evidence suggests these challenges are interrelated. Green and social prescribing of non-clinical interventions hold promise as a cost-effective and widely accessible way to improve wellbeing, and interest is growing in whether pro-ecological communal activities have mutual benefits for both people and the planet.

The present study investigated the impact of social exclusion on prosocial behavior, examining the roles of relational need threat and regulatory focus. Utilizing a questionnaire study with 483 participants (Study 1) and an experimental study with 100 participants (Study 2), we found that (1) social exclusion negatively predicted prosocial behavior; (2) relational need threat fully mediated the relationship between social exclusion and prosocial behavior; and (3) regulatory focus, categorized as either promotion or prevention, moderated this relationship in opposite directions. In conclusion, our findings reveal that social exclusion does indeed trigger prosocial behavior. Meanwhile, relational need threat and regulatory focus have a co-action impact on this process. These findings have been carefully discussed within the frameworks of the temporal need-threat model and the cognitive-affective personality system theory.

Approximately 80% of all malignant brain tumors are gliomas, which are primary brain tumors. The most prevalent subtype of glioma, glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), is also the most deadly. Chemotherapy, immunotherapy, surgery, and conventional pharmacotherapy are currently available therapeutic options for GBM; unfortunately, these approaches only prolong the patient's life by 5 years at most. Despite numerous intensive therapeutic options, GBM is considered incurable. Accumulating preclinical data indicate that overt antitumoral effects can be induced by pharmacologically activating endocannabinoid receptors on glioma cells by modifying important intracellular signaling cascades. The complex mechanism underlying the endocannabinoid receptor-evoked antitumoral activity in experimental models of glioma may inhibit the ability of cancer cells to invade, proliferate, and exhibit stem cell-like characteristics, along with altering other aspects of the complex tumor microenvironment. The exact biological function of the endocannabinoid system in the development and spread of gliomas, however, is remains unclear and appears to rely heavily on context. Previous studies have revealed that endocannabinoid receptors are present in the tumor microenvironment, suggesting that these receptors could be novel targets for the treatment of GBM. Additionally, endocannabinoids have demonstrated anticancer effects through signaling pathways linked to the classic features of cancer. Thus, the pharmacology of endocannabinoids in the glioblastoma microenvironment is the main topic of this review, which may promote the development of future GBM therapies.

Quarantine during COVID-19 disease may be associated with psychological distress and other behavioral problems. This study aimed to investigate depression, anxiety, and stress in self-quarantined pregnant women at home for 14 days during the coronavirus disease outbreak in Iran.

Anxiety disorders have emerged as one of the most prevalent mental health problems and health concerns. However, previous research has paid limited attention to measuring public anxiety from a broader perspective. Furthermore, while we know many factors that influence anxiety disorders, we still have an incomplete understanding of how these factors affect public anxiety. We aimed to quantify public anxiety from the perspective of Internet searches, and to analyze its spatiotemporal changing characteristics and influencing factors.

China presently does not have an established peer support system, and the efforts of peer support workers are not acknowledged in the context of the growing global trend of community-based mental rehabilitation. This study aims to examine the first-hand experiences of persons who participate in psychiatric day-care facilities in Shanghai, China, and receive support from their peers. The goal is to gain a better understanding of how these informal peer support programs function and provide valuable knowledge for the establishment of more structured peer support programs that align with Chinese social culture.

Armed conflict and forced displacement can significantly strain nurturing family environments, which are essential for child well-being. Yet, limited evidence exists on the effectiveness of family-systemic interventions in these contexts. We conducted a two-arm, single-masked, feasibility Randomised Controlled Trial (fRCT) of a whole-family intervention with Syrian, Iraqi and Jordanian families in Jordan. We aimed to determine the feasibility of intervention and study procedures to inform a fully-powered RCT. Eligible families were randomised to receive the Nurturing Families intervention or enhanced usual care (1:1). Masked assessors measured outcomes at baseline and endline; primary outcome measures were caregiver psychological distress, family functioning, and parenting practices. Families and implementing staff participated in qualitative interviews at endline. Of the 62 families screened, 60 (98%) were eligible, 97% completed the baseline and 90% completed the endline. Qualitative feedback indicated specific improvements in adolescent well-being, caregiver distress and parenting, and family relationships. Data highlighted high participant engagement and adequate facilitator fidelity and competence. Outcome measures had good psychometric properties (most α > 0.80) and sensitivity to change, with significant changes seen on most measures in the intervention but not control group. Findings indicate the acceptability and feasibility of intervention and study procedures. Subsequent full-scale evaluation is needed to determine effectiveness.

The aging population in South Korea, characterized by an increasing number of older adults living alone, has raised concerns about its implications on mental health, specifically social isolation and loneliness that accompanies solitary living arrangements. This study explores the impact of living arrangements on the mental well-being of Korean older adults by focusing on the prevalence of depression and the role of social isolation in the context of evolving family structures and the COVID-19 pandemic.

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurological condition that affects social communication and causes repetitive behavior. Autistic children often have comorbidities such as epilepsy. Although the co-occurrence of epilepsy and ASD is frequent, the genetic basis for this association is not fully understood. Many cases of ASD and epilepsy remain unresolved without a molecular diagnosis. The purpose of this study was to determine the molecular diagnostic yield in two Saudi families with a single affected offspring with both ASD and epilepsy using whole-exome sequencing (WES).

Increases in mental health problems have been observed during COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, this topic of research became a priority, especially at the academic level. The objectives of this review were to summarize academic contribution to mental health research during the era of COVID-19. A scoping review of studies conducted at different academic institutions and examining alterations in mental health during the pandemic during the last three years was conducted. Fifty-five studies were included. These focused on different mental health changes that occurred in the era of COVID-19 such as changes in work habits or existing psychological conditions, COVID-19-related fear depression, anxiety and stress. Most of the included studies were observational (76.7%). The majority of the publications were published in Scimago Journal Rank Q1 journals (57.1%). The average number of citations per publication was 15.3 ± 30.13 [0-125]. The number of citations was higher in papers with international collaboration of authors (). Publications with COVID-19 as a main objective were more cited than papers not directly related to this subject (25.9 ± 39.45 vs 4.14 ± 3.2; ). Mental health problems are a common response to the COVID-19 pandemic. The contribution of academic universities to different mental health research studies that took place during COVID-19 outbreak have underlined this reality. However, more representative research from other institutional settings will be needed, particularly in vulnerable populations.

This study aimed to compare the outcomes of unilateral biportal endoscopy, unilateral laminectomy bilateral decompression (UBE-ULBD), and open lumbar decompression (OLD) in patients with lumbar epidural lipomatosis (LEL).

Evidence from studies among non-Indigenous populations has established the association of poor sleep to mental health issues and supported how improving sleep could reduce the risk of mental ill health. In contrast, for Indigenous people, who experience disproportionate rates of mental ill health, the association between sleep and mental health and the potential of sleep health in reducing the risk and severity of mental health issues have never been fully reviewed. Considering the literature gap, this review assesses the association between sleep and mental health in Indigenous people.

Idiopathic scoliosis significantly affects the physical and mental health of children and adolescents, with varying prevalence rates in different regions. The occurrence of idiopathic scoliosis is associated with genetic regulation and biochemical factors, but the changes in exosome-derived miRNA profiles among idiopathic scoliosis patients remain unclear. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of idiopathic scoliosis in Yunnan Province, China, and identify key exosome-derived miRNAs in idiopathic scoliosis through a cohort study.

There is tremendous variation in both the prevalence of suicide and the factors that contribute to its occurrence across geographic locations, cultures, and time. Therefore, the present study aims to identify the various socio-demographic risk factors and psychosocial stressors using population data.

Sleep disturbances may promote the development and advancement of Alzheimer's disease. Our purpose was to determine if sleep disturbances were associated with earlier mortality while accounting for cognition. The National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center database was used to evaluate mortality risk conferred by sleep, and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment score determined cognitive status. Demographics, sleep disturbances, cognitive status, and comorbid/other neuropsychiatric conditions were examined as predictors of survival time via Cox regression. The sample (N = 31,110) had a median age [interquartile range] of 72 [66, 79] years, MoCA score of 23 [16, 26], and survival time of 106.0 months [104.0,108.0]; 10,278 (33%) died during follow-up; 21% (n = 6461) experienced sleep disturbances. Sleep disturbances impacted survival time depending on cognition, with the greatest effect in transition from normal to cognitive impairment ( < .001). Findings support that sleep disturbances negatively impact survival time, and the impact of sleep disturbances on survival time is interrelated with cognition.

Collaboration with African religious congregations can promote psychosocial well-being with greater accessibility. Effective collaboration requires studying congregations as unique intervention contexts. This study explored how an intervention in western Kenya fit within and altered congregational discussion patterns. We conducted a cluster-randomized trial of a church-based intervention to improve family relationships, mental health and sexual health. For each intervention topic covered, we describe baseline and post-intervention changes in church leaders' beliefs and communication as well as discussion frequency between leaders and members and among members. Mixed-effects logistic regression assessed pre-post change in member-reported discussion frequency. At baseline, members and leaders reported already discussing family, parenting, and emotions frequently and sexuality and finances less frequently. Leaders generally felt they should discuss all topics but were less comfortable and knowledgeable about sexuality and finances than other topics. After the intervention, leader comfort and knowledge increased and discussion frequency increased for nearly all topics, especially those discussed less initially. Good fit between the desires and activities of church members and leaders suggests the potential for further collaboration, especially on mental health and family well-being. Increased discussion of sensitive topics underscores the potential of community-level interventions to affect social norms.

The impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on health systems worldwide has been associated with less attention to maternal support in breastfeeding. The objective of this study was to explore the experiences of breastfeeding mothers, during the COVID-19 pandemic, and the impact of the pandemic on breastfeeding initiation and maintenance.

Widowhood is one of the most serious issues affecting the mental health of older persons. China currently has tens of millions of widowed older adult, which is a huge group. It is of great significance to study the impacts of widowhood on their mental health and put forward some measures for improvement.

Unwanted pregnancy has many negative consequences in terms of women's physical and mental health. Resilience is a process of utilizing important resources to maintain mental health in the face of stress. In addition, resilience can be promoted through. This study was performed to evaluate the effect of resiliency training on the mental health and resilience of pregnant women with an unwanted pregnancy.

Self-medication is a global concern among professionals and non-professionals, with a rapid increase in prevalence. The study aims to assess the prevalence of self-medication and its associated factors among university students.

The magnitude of postpartum depression in Jordan during the COVID-19 pandemic is under-documented, and little is known about its potential social, demographic, and clinical correlates. This study aimed to explore the prevalence and related factors of postpartum depression among Jordanian mothers with a history of COVID-19 during pregnancy or after childbirth.

Patients with alcohol use disorder (AUD) often experience repeated withdrawal. Impulsivity is the most relevant factor influencing successful withdrawal. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BNDF) and fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) are associated with impulsivity. Previous studies on the differential effects of BDNF or FGF21 on impulsivity have focused on single-gene effects and have inconsistent results. We aim to investigate the effects of BDNF rs6265 and FGF21 rs11665896, individually and together, on impulsivity during alcohol withdrawal in patients with AUD.

The findings of epidemiological studies suggest that a relationship exists between the risk of schizophrenia and winter births in the Northern Hemisphere, which may affect the process of fetal neurodevelopment. However, it remains unclear whether birth seasons are associated with the brain morphological characteristics of patients within the schizophrenia spectrum.