Evidence
![](https://psychiatryai.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/psychiatryai_com.webp)
Ann Epidemiol. 2024 Jul 20:S1047-2797(24)00159-5. doi: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2024.07.046. Online ahead of print.
ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To compare the physical and mental health of sexual and gender minority (SGM) parents to SGM non-parents.
METHODS: A cross-sectional analysis using 2018-2020 data from The PRIDE Study, a national longitudinal cohort of SGM adults. We used Poisson regression adjusted for age, gender, relationship status, race/ethnicity, household income, and education to assess the association between parental status and each outcome.
RESULTS: Among 9,625 SGM participants, 1,460 (15%) were parents. Older participants were more likely to be parents: 2% of participants aged 18-30, 18% aged 30-39, and 38% aged 40+ were parents. In adjusted analyses, parenthood was associated with greater depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress symptoms as well as ever cigarette smoking. Among individuals assigned female sex at birth, parents were twice as likely to have been diagnosed with pelvic inflammatory disease compared to non-parents. There was no association between parenthood status and alcohol use, substance use, diabetes, HIV, hypertension, or autism.
CONCLUSIONS: In this national cohort of SGM adults, parenthood was associated with differences in physical and mental health measures. Understanding how parenthood influences the health and well-being of the estimated 3 million SGM parents in the US will help our health systems support diverse families.
PMID:39038746 | DOI:10.1016/j.annepidem.2024.07.046
![Google](https://www.google.com/images/branding/googlelogo/2x/googlelogo_light_color_92x30dp.png)
![Google Keep](https://www.gstatic.com/images/branding/product/1x/keep_48dp.png)
![Share on Linkedin](https://psychiatryai.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/linkedin-logo-png-2048-1.png)
Estimated reading time: 4 minute(s)
Latest: Psychiatryai.com #RAISR4D Evidence
![](/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/bd462cc11bcf0bd0d0d6f1d0f8b7cd04-modified-1.png)
Cool Evidence: Engaging Young People and Students in Real-World Evidence
![](/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/bd462cc11bcf0bd0d0d6f1d0f8b7cd04-modified-1.png)
Real-Time Evidence Search [Psychiatry]
![](/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/pubmed.png)
AI Research
![](/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/Il5nR_nf_400x400-modified-1.png)
Parenthood and the Physical and Mental Health of Sexual and Gender Minority Parents: A Cross-Sectional, Observational Analysis from The PRIDE Study
![](https://psychiatryai.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/psychiatryai_com.webp)
🌐 90 Days
AI Virtual Reality Related Evidence Matrix
Caring for sexual and gender minority patients with genitourinary cancer: A primer for inclusive practices Arrest History and Health Among U.S. Sexual and Gender Minority Youth, 2022 Arrest History and Health Among U.S. Sexual and Gender Minority Youth, 2022 Common and Unique Risk Factors for Intimate Partner Violence Victimization Among Sexual and Gender Minority Individuals Assigned Female at Birth Eating Disorders in Sexual and Gender Minority Adolescents Self-Perceived Reasons for Suicide Attempts in Sexual and Gender Minorities in Canada The role of minority stress in disordered eating: a systematic review of the literature Association of parental depression with adolescent children's psychological well-being and health behaviors Examining the Performance of the Sexual Minority Adolescent Stress Inventory with Transgender and Gender-Diverse Youth and Sexual Minority Emerging Adults: A Methodological Study Community and household-level incarceration and its association with mental health in a racially/ethnically diverse sample of families Sex, gender, sexual orientation, and more: Sexual diversity in Alzheimer's research needs a new lens to achieve inclusive research and generalizable results Parental physical activity, parental mental health, children's physical activity, and children's mental health The longitudinal association between adverse childhood experiences, childhood socioeconomic status, and lung function among middle-aged and older adults The importance of perinatal non-birthing parents' mental health and involvement for family health Parental ADHD knowledge and medical visit status of school-aged children in Shanghai Awareness of cancer and its associated factors for parents of adolescents and young adults: A cross-sectional study Quality of life in children with epilepsy: The role of parental mental health and sleep disruption Transgenerational transmission of psychopathology: when are adaptive emotion regulation strategies protective in children? Mental Health Treatment Rates During Pregnancy and Post Partum in US Military Service Members Mental Health Treatment Rates During Pregnancy and Post Partum in US Military Service Members Association between parental well-being and preschooler stress measured as hair cortisol concentration: A prospective cohort study Mental Health, Parenting Stress, and Parenting Practices of Parents of Deaf or Hard of Hearing Children During the Pandemic The relationship of race, ethnicity, gender identity, sex assigned at birth, sexual orientation, parental education, financial hardship and comorbid mental disorders with quality of life in college students with anxiety, depression or eating… A Qualitative Analysis of Beliefs about Masculinity and Gender Socialization among US Mothers and Fathers of School-Age Boys A Qualitative Analysis of Beliefs about Masculinity and Gender Socialization among US Mothers and Fathers of School-Age Boys Child-parent agreement on the SDQ: The role of child-parent attachment and parental feelings Emotion-related Processes Between Parents and Adolescents: Evidence for Bidirectional Effects over Time "A balancing act": parents' longitudinal perspectives of weight-related discussions with their children following obesity treatment The impact of audiovisual information on parental anxiety levels prior to hypospadias surgery: A prospective single center cohort study Risk of major mental disorders in the offspring of parents with migraine Risk of major mental disorders in the offspring of parents with migraine Practicable strategies parents can apply in their daily routine to successfully implement the 50/50-split-model of paid work, childcare, and housework: a qualitative content analysis Quality of Life Among Saudi Parents of Children With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Cross-Sectional Study A Pilot Survey of Indian Stakeholders: Parents, Doctors, and Grown-Up Patients of Disorders of Sexual Differentiation on Management Decisions and Associated Gender Dysphoria Randomised controlled trial of an online mental health and suicide gatekeeper resource for parents and caregivers: study protocol Randomised controlled trial of an online mental health and suicide gatekeeper resource for parents and caregivers: study protocol Socio-demographic Predictors of Hospitalization Duration Among Patients with Borderline Personality Disorder Chronic pelvic pain among transgender men and gender diverse adults assigned female at birth Mental Health of Transgender Youth Following Gender Identity Milestones by Level of Family Support Adverse childhood experiences, marital status and depressive symptoms in later life among the Chinese middle-aged and older adults : the mediating role of marital status Barriers and facilitators to healthcare utilisation by Arab sexual minority women migrants in the USA Discontinuation of Gender-Affirming Medical Treatments: Prevalence and Associated Features in a Nonprobabilistic Sample of Transgender and Gender-Diverse Adolescents and Young Adults in Canada and the United States The Association Between Sexual Violence and Suicidal Ideation Among Transgender Women and the Role of Gender-Affirming Healthcare Providers in Seven Urban Areas in the United States, 2019 to 2020 Reciprocal associations between depressive symptoms and satisfaction with sexual life in older adults: the roles of gender and importance attached to sexuality Age moderates associations between dementia worry and subjective cognition Measuring Propensity to Perpetrate Microaggressions Toward LGBTQ Individuals: Sexual Orientation Microaggression Scale (SOMS-P) and Gender Identity Microaggression Scale (GIMS-P) Perpetration Version Psychological well-being and needs of parents and carers of children and young people with mental health difficulties: a quantitative systematic review with meta-analyses Sexual Minority Women Report Higher Weight Stigma Levels Than Heterosexual Women in the National Weight Control Registry Parental mental disorders in patients with comorbid schizophrenia and obsessive-compulsive disorder: a nationwide family-link study Perceived Parental Distraction by Technology and Mental Health Among Emerging Adolescents Perceived Parental Distraction by Technology and Mental Health Among Emerging Adolescents Estimating the alcohol-related burden of child maltreatment among Māori in Aotearoa, New Zealand Measuring Propensity to Perpetrate Microaggressions Toward LGBTQ Individuals: Sexual Orientation Microaggression Scale (SOMS-P) and Gender Identity Microaggression Scale (GIMS-P) Perpetration Version Attachment Problems and Mentalizing Capacity Relate to Parent-Child Informant Discrepancies in Female Adolescents with Borderline Personality Disorder Differences in mental health problems in LGBT+ first year college students in Chile during the pandemic Differences in mental health problems in LGBT+ first year college students in Chile during the pandemic Sexual violence in the workplace and associated health outcomes: a nationwide, cross-sectional analysis of women in Iceland Effects of the incredible years parenting program on children's interpersonal conflict: An integrative data analysis The perceived social support of parents having bipolar disorder impacts their children's mental health: a 10-year longitudinal study The association between household and family composition and mental health of the elderly: mediating role of lifestyle Improving the validity of studies on the relationship between social health and Immunity of older Adults: Letter to the editor Single parenthood and depression: A thorough review of current understanding COVID-19 Pandemic Quarantines and Mental Health Among Adolescents in Norway COVID-19 Pandemic Quarantines and Mental Health Among Adolescents in Norway
Evidence Blueprint
Parenthood and the Physical and Mental Health of Sexual and Gender Minority Parents: A Cross-Sectional, Observational Analysis from The PRIDE Study
![](https://psychiatryai.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/psychiatryai_com.webp)
☊ AI-Driven Related Evidence Nodes
(recent articles with at least 5 words in title)
More Evidence
![](https://psychiatryai.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/psychiatryai_com.webp)
Parenthood and the Physical and Mental Health of Sexual and Gender Minority Parents: A Cross-Sectional, Observational Analysis from The PRIDE Study
🌐 365 Days
AI Virtual Reality Related Evidence Matrix
Social Reactions to Disclosure of Sexual Violence Experienced by Sexual and Gender Minority Young Adults: Comparisons of Sexual and Gender Minority Recipients Versus Cisgender/Heterosexual Recipients Active Social Media Use and Health Indicators Among Sexual and Gender Minority Adults Etiology Beliefs About Sexual and Gender Minority Youth (EB-SGM): Validation with College Students, Community Adults, and Pediatric Healthcare Providers Experiences of stress and social safety among sexual and gender minority youth by disability status Recommendations for the assessment of sexual and gender minority status in serious mental illness research and clinical care Sexual orientation/gender identity discrimination and chronic pain in children: A national study Caring for sexual and gender minority patients with genitourinary cancer: A primer for inclusive practices Arrest History and Health Among U.S. Sexual and Gender Minority Youth, 2022 Arrest History and Health Among U.S. Sexual and Gender Minority Youth, 2022 Substance Use Over Time Among Sexual and Gender Minority People: Differences at the Intersection of Sex and Gender Common and Unique Risk Factors for Intimate Partner Violence Victimization Among Sexual and Gender Minority Individuals Assigned Female at Birth Substance Misuse among Sexual and Gender Minorities: The Role of Everyday Discrimination and Identity Moderated Mediation Analysis of Structural Stigma and Suicidal Ideation and Behaviors Among Sexual and Gender Minority Adults The role of sleep duration in suicide risk among sexual and gender minority adolescents The effects of family support and smartphone-derived homestay on daily mood and depression among sexual and gender minority adolescents Infectious Illness Symptoms Are Associated with Elevated Anxiety in a Sample of Sexual and Gender Minority Young Adults During the COVID-19 Pandemic Cognitive and Developmental Profiles Associated with Self-Reported Sexual and Gender Minority Stigmatization Among Binary Transgender Adolescents Trajectories of Gender Identity and Depressive Symptoms in Youths Trajectories of Gender Identity and Depressive Symptoms in Youths Eating Disorders in Sexual and Gender Minority Adolescents Risk for Suicidal Behavior After Psychiatric Hospitalization Among Sexual and Gender Minority Patients Self-Perceived Reasons for Suicide Attempts in Sexual and Gender Minorities in Canada A Review of Disparities in Cannabis Use and Cannabis Use Disorder Affecting Sexual and Gender Minority Populations and Evidence for Contributing Factors Functional neurological disorder and functional somatic syndromes among sexual and gender minority people: A scoping review Access to and quality of care for sexual and gender minority women living with HIV in Metro Vancouver, Canada: Results from a longitudinal cohort study Mental health at religious and non-religious universities: Examining the role of student religiousness and sexual/gender minority identity Parental gender attitudes and children's mental health: Evidence from the UK household longitudinal study Clinical outcomes for sexual and gender minority adolescents in a dialectical behaviour therapy programme Roles of physical functioning and comorbid mental illness of chronically ill parents and their spouses' health status in adolescent functioning Addressing discrimination and violence against Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, and Queer (LGBTQ) persons from Brazil: a mobile health intervention Examination of the Sexual and Negative Dating Inventory (SANDI) Among Sexual and Gender Minorities: An Analysis of Psychometrics and Outcomes The role of minority stress in disordered eating: a systematic review of the literature Child sexual abuse knowledge and attitudes of Syrian refugee parents and related factors Autism and sexual and gender minority identity in college students: Examination of self-reported rates, functional outcomes, and treatment engagement Association between children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and parental mental health: Data from the 2011-2020 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey The role of victimisation and sleep quality in self-harm and depression among sexual minority adolescents. A prospective cohort study Housing instability among young men who have sex with men in a US national sample Association of parental depression with adolescent children's psychological well-being and health behaviors Evaluating Effectiveness of an Online LGBTQIA+ Health Course for Medical Students Examining the Performance of the Sexual Minority Adolescent Stress Inventory with Transgender and Gender-Diverse Youth and Sexual Minority Emerging Adults: A Methodological Study Doomscrolling: Prospective associations between daily COVID news exposure, internalizing symptoms, and substance use among sexual and gender minority individuals assigned female at birth Community and household-level incarceration and its association with mental health in a racially/ethnically diverse sample of families Mental health and service use of parents with and without borderline intellectual functioning Changes in UK parental mental health symptoms over 10 months of the COVID-19 pandemic Clinical illness course and family-related outcomes among parents with a first episode of schizophrenia spectrum disorder: a 20-year follow-up of the OPUS trial Identifying disparities in suicidal thoughts and behaviors among US adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic Sex, gender, sexual orientation, and more: Sexual diversity in Alzheimer's research needs a new lens to achieve inclusive research and generalizable results The role of loneliness in the association between sexual orientation and depressive symptoms among older adults: A prospective cohort study Parental physical activity, parental mental health, children's physical activity, and children's mental health The longitudinal association between adverse childhood experiences, childhood socioeconomic status, and lung function among middle-aged and older adults Parental status and markers of brain and cellular age: A 3D convolutional network and classification study Disparities in positive mental health of sexual and gender minority adults in Canada Factors Influencing Despair, Self-blame, and Acceptance Among Parents of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD): A Malaysian Perspective Where do 15- to -17-year-olds in Canada get their sexual health information? A Web-Based Intervention to Support the Mental Well-Being of Sexual and Gender Minority Young People: Mixed Methods Co-Design of Oneself Affirmation-support, parental conflict, and mental health outcomes of transgender and gender diverse youth The importance of perinatal non-birthing parents' mental health and involvement for family health Parental ADHD knowledge and medical visit status of school-aged children in Shanghai The association between sexual orientation and psychotic like experiences during adolescence: a prospective cohort study Parents who inject drugs: Demographics, care arrangements and correlates for child placement in out-of-home care Awareness of cancer and its associated factors for parents of adolescents and young adults: A cross-sectional study Same sex-attraction as a predictor of suicide and self-harm behaviours: The role of bullying and social support Quality of life in children with epilepsy: The role of parental mental health and sleep disruption Improving the education and wellbeing of student parents