Tag: PTSD

World J Surg. 2026 Oct 20. doi: 10.1002/wjs.70630. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTBACKGROUND: In 2015 the World Health Assembly (WHO), based on recommendations by the Lancet...

BMC Psychol. 2026 Jul 25;14(1):1519. doi: 10.1186/s40359-026-05237-3.ABSTRACTBACKGROUND: Recurrent wildfires are an emerging public health concern, yet little is known about their mental health impact on...

Mol Psychiatry. 2026 Oct 20. doi: 10.1038/s41380-026-03929-1. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTStudying the neural circuits that mediate context-induced fear memory retrieval is of importance to develop...

Behav Res Ther. 2026 Oct 9;207:105171. doi: 10.1016/j.brat.2026.105171. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTPost-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is associated with hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis dysregulation, and in-session cortisol...

Eur J Psychotraumatol. 2026 Dec;17(1):2739019. doi: 10.1080/20008066.2026.2739019. Epub 2026 Oct 20.ABSTRACTBackground: Drama-based techniques have been increasingly implemented with trauma-exposed populations. However, the evidence base remains...

Eur J Psychotraumatol. 2026 Dec;17(1):2737042. doi: 10.1080/20008066.2026.2737042. Epub 2026 Oct 20.ABSTRACTBackground: Immigrants and refugees are at greater risk of mental health symptoms, including elevated symptoms...

Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2026 Oct 19. doi: 10.1002/ijgo.71415. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTObstetrics is among the most psychologically demanding fields in medicine. Clinicians must safeguard...

J Interpers Violence. 2026 Oct 19:8862605261495010. doi: 10.1177/08862605261495010. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTPrevious research highlights critical Veteran-civilian differences in antisocial behavior, including unique demographic and offense...

J Head Trauma Rehabil. 2026 Oct 20. doi: 10.1097/HTR.0000000000001207. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTOBJECTIVE: To assess the relationship between rehabilitation needs and mental health symptoms in...

BMC Psychiatry. 2026 Jul 23;26(1):810. doi: 10.1186/s12888-026-08430-1.ABSTRACTBACKGROUND: Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is characterized by substantial heterogeneity in symptom presentation, illness trajectory, and treatment response, highlighting...

Discov Ment Health. 2026 Jul 24;6(1):205. doi: 10.1007/s44192-026-00555-9.ABSTRACTOBJECTIVE: Response to trauma varies from post-traumatic distress (PTS) to post-traumatic growth (PTG) seemingly depending on internal and...

Br Dent J. 2026 Oct 19. doi: 10.1038/s41415-026-0039-3. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTAims Working with vulnerable or traumatised patients can place additional emotional demands and strain...

Transl Psychiatry. 2026 Jul 23;16(1):573. doi: 10.1038/s41398-026-04289-8.ABSTRACTStatic blood-based biomarkers provide limited insight into psychiatric illness and recovery, largely because they capture only a single, unperturbed...

Ugeskr Laeger. 2026 Sep 28;188(40):V04260277. doi: 10.61409/V04260277.ABSTRACTThis case report describes a highly complicated case with combined chronic pain, substance use disorder (SUD) and social challenges...

J Trauma Stress. 2026 Oct 18. doi: 10.1002/jts.70133. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTAt the 41st Annual Meeting of the International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies, held...

Cognit Ther Res. 2026;50(5):948-959. doi: 10.1007/s10608-026-10751-0. Epub 2026 May 30.ABSTRACTPURPOSE: Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is characterized by heightened threat sensitivity, including attentional bias to threat,...

Br J Pain. 2026 Oct 16:20494637261497966. doi: 10.1177/20494637261497966. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTOBJECTIVE: Experiences of trauma are common among people with chronic pain, although estimates of...

J Urban Health. 2026 Oct 17. doi: 10.1007/s11524-026-01175-y. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTNeighborhood environments influence adolescent health. Vacant lots and violence exposure contribute to elevated mental...

Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 2026 Oct 17:111979. doi: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2026.111979. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTTraumatic memories that are resistant to modification or extinction are a characteristic feature...

Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2026 Oct 17:107050. doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2026.107050. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTPost-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a multifactorial psychiatric condition characterized by re-experiencing, avoidance, hyperarousal,...

Addiction. 2026 Oct 17. doi: 10.1111/add.70666. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTAIMS: To identify heroin overdose and polydrug risk profiles of Australian adults with long-term heroin dependence...

Nurs Open. 2026 Oct;13(10):e70851. doi: 10.1002/nop2.70851.ABSTRACTAIM: To identify perinatal factors associated with early maternal-newborn skin-to-skin contact after birth and examine associations between contact duration, birth...

Encephale. 2026 Oct 16:S0013-7006(26)00203-4. doi: 10.1016/j.encep.2026.08.014. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTINTRODUCTION: The objective of this study was to evaluate the factor structure and psychometric properties of...

Encephale. 2026 Oct 16:S0013-7006(26)00202-2. doi: 10.1016/j.encep.2026.08.013. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTBACKGROUND: Complex post-traumatic stress disorder (CPTSD) is distinguished from PTSD by enduring disturbances in emotion regulation,...

J Neurosci Methods. 2026 Oct 16:110924. doi: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2026.110924. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTPost-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a debilitating psychiatric condition arising in a subset of...

Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2026 Oct 16;192:107054. doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2026.107054. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTPosttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is characterized by re-experiencing trauma through vivid and involuntary intrusions,...

Psychiatry Res. 2026 Oct 13;367:117521. doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2026.117521. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTThis longitudinal study examines the psychological impact of the 2023 Israel-Hamas war on Jewish Israeli...

J Child Adolesc Ment Health. 2026 Oct 16:1-21. doi: 10.2989/17280583.2026.2727419. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTBACKGROUND: Mental health challenges among adolescents in sub-Saharan Africa are rising amid...

Cannabis Cannabinoid Res. 2026 Oct 16:25785125261497797. doi: 10.1177/25785125261497797. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTINTRODUCTION: With the increasing use of medical cannabis (MC) worldwide, understanding potential sex-related differences...

Death Stud. 2026 Oct 16:1-15. doi: 10.1080/07481187.2026.2747280. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTSuicide loss may increase the risk of posttraumatic stress disorder and suicidality. Within the Muslim...

BJPsych Open. 2026 Oct 15;12(6):e262. doi: 10.1192/bjo.2026.12122.ABSTRACTBACKGROUND: Refugee youth are at elevated risk for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and other mental health disorders, yet systemic...

Br J Psychiatry. 2026 Oct 15:1-2. doi: 10.1192/bjp.2026.10787. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTPrecision psychiatry has improved prediction of treatment response across psychiatry, but translating biomarkers into...

J Trauma Stress. 2026 Oct 14. doi: 10.1002/jts.70135. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTThe Continuous Traumatic Stress Response Scale (CTSR) was developed to assess traumatic stress responses...

J Neurosci Methods. 2026 Oct 14:110925. doi: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2026.110925. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTBACKGROUND: Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a prevalent psychological disorder that can impair daily...

Psychiatry Investig. 2026 Oct;23(10):1307-1316. doi: 10.30773/pi.2026.0172. Epub 2026 Oct 1.ABSTRACTOBJECTIVE: Media engagement is an important pathway for indirect exposure to community trauma, but little is...

Burns. 2026 Oct 7;52(9):108240. doi: 10.1016/j.burns.2026.108240. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTBACKGROUND: Extensive burn survivors often face severe joint dysfunction, hypertrophic scarring, and psychological trauma, which seriously...

J Anxiety Disord. 2026 Oct 13;124:103244. doi: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2026.103244. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTExposure therapy effectively treats anxiety disorders, yet non-response and premature dropout motivate continued work...

Psychiatry Res. 2026 Oct 8;367:117511. doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2026.117511. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTThis study investigated the longitudinal associations between serum interleukin-6 (sIL-6) levels measured shortly after physical...

Women Birth. 2026 Oct 14;39(6):102401. doi: 10.1016/j.wombi.2026.102401. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTPROBLEM: A substantial proportion of people who give birth experience childbirth as negative or traumatic,...

Health Care Women Int. 2026 Oct 14:1-15. doi: 10.1080/07399332.2026.2741623. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTThis study aimed to compare postpartum spiritual well-being and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)...

J Head Trauma Rehabil. 2026 Oct 14. doi: 10.1097/HTR.0000000000001218. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTBACKGROUND: Police officers frequently operate in dynamic, high-stress environments involving exposure to violence,...

Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2026 Oct 14. doi: 10.1080/14656566.2026.2749647. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTINTRODUCTION: Insomnia is a highly prevalent sleep disorder among Veterans and frequently co-occurs with...

J Trauma Stress. 2026 Oct 14. doi: 10.1002/jts.70136. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTThis longitudinal observational study examined (a) whether changes in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms...

Aust N Z J Psychiatry. 2026 Oct 14:48674261490047. doi: 10.1177/00048674261490047. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTOBJECTIVE: To review Australian research reporting on the mental health of Australian...

Epidemiol Psychiatr Sci. 2026 Oct 13;35:e70. doi: 10.1017/S2045796026101085.ABSTRACTAIMS: Post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) are a substantial yet underrecognised mental health concern in oncology. Large-scale epidemiological data...

J Head Trauma Rehabil. 2026 Oct 13. doi: 10.1097/HTR.0000000000001214. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTOBJECTIVE: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is associated with postinjury mental health (MH) sequelae,...

Mol Neurobiol. 2026 Oct 12;63(1):961. doi: 10.1007/s12035-026-06264-2.ABSTRACTPsychedelic drugs promote rapid neuroplasticity in brain regions affected by trauma exposure, such as the prelimbic (PL) cortex and...

Cureus. 2026 Sep 11;18(9):e116113. doi: 10.7759/cureus.116113. eCollection 2026 Sep.ABSTRACTPsychogenic nonepileptic seizures (PNES), also termed functional seizures, are episodes that resemble epileptic seizures but occur without...

Indian J Psychol Med. 2026 Oct 10:02537176261491859. doi: 10.1177/02537176261491859. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTChronic interpersonal trauma can lead to complex clinical presentations characterized by dissociation, somatic...

Neuropsychopharmacology. 2026 Oct 11. doi: 10.1038/s41386-026-02575-z. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACT3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) has emerged as a potential treatment for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). However, rapidly changing...

Int J Psychol. 2026 Dec;61(6):e70277. doi: 10.1002/ijop.70277.ABSTRACTThis study examined posttraumatic growth (PTG) among Israeli volunteer first responders from ZAKA, an emergency response and disaster victim...

Subst Abuse Treat Prev Policy. 2026 Jul 29;21(1):65. doi: 10.1186/s13011-026-00754-1.ABSTRACTBACKGROUND: The ongoing Israeli-Palestinian conflicts increased the risk of multifront war, especially with bordering countries like...

Womens Health Issues. 2026 Oct 9:S1049-3867(26)00142-8. doi: 10.1016/j.whi.2026.08.007. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTINTRODUCTION: Musculoskeletal (MSK) pain is common among women veterans and may be exacerbated during...

Evid Based Nurs. 2026 Oct 9:ebnurs-2026-104719. doi: 10.1136/ebnurs-2026-104719. Online ahead of print.NO ABSTRACTPMID:42855292 | DOI:10.1136/ebnurs-2026-104719

Early Interv Psychiatry. 2026 Oct;20(10):e70251. doi: 10.1111/eip.70251.ABSTRACTBACKGROUND: Childhood sexual abuse is a major developmental trauma associated with elevated risk for non-suicidal self-injury and suicidal behaviour...

J Adv Res. 2026 Oct 9:S2090-1232(26)00776-9. doi: 10.1016/j.jare.2026.10.015. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTINTRODUCTION: Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) develops when acute threat responses fail to resolve, resulting...

J Affect Disord. 2026 Oct 9:122612. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2026.122612. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTThis meta-analysis examined the efficacy of prolonged exposure (PE) therapy for posttraumatic stress disorder...

Injury. 2026 Oct 7;57(11):113767. doi: 10.1016/j.injury.2026.113767. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTBACKGROUND: Post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) in young children are underrecognized following unintentional injury, and validated screening...

Child Abuse Negl. 2026 Oct 9;182:108365. doi: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2026.108365. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTBACKGROUND: Disclosure of childhood sexual abuse (CSA) is often assumed to be beneficial. However,...

Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2026 Oct 9. doi: 10.1007/s00787-026-03202-4. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTWhile the incidence of school shootings is highest in the US worldwide, these...

Med Care. 2026 Oct 7. doi: 10.1097/MLR.0000000000002384. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTBACKGROUND: As the veteran population ages, the Veterans Health Administration (VHA) faces challenges in how...

J Emerg Trauma Shock. 2026 Jul-Sep;19(3):121-128. doi: 10.4103/jets.jets_207_25. Epub 2026 Sep 16.ABSTRACTINTRODUCTION: Moral injury (MI), defined as perceived betrayals or violations of one's moral values,...

Front Psychiatry. 2026 Sep 24;17:1934224. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2026.1934224. eCollection 2026.ABSTRACTINTRODUCTION: Parents of infants admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) may experience substantial psychological distress....

Case Rep Anesthesiol. 2026 Oct 8;2026:1049073. doi: 10.1155/cria/1049073. eCollection 2026.ABSTRACTINTRODUCTION: Accidental intrathecal injection of tranexamic acid (TXA) is a rare but catastrophic preventable adverse event...

Front Psychiatry. 2026 Sep 24;17:1843186. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2026.1843186. eCollection 2026.ABSTRACTBACKGROUND: The past few decades have seen a revived interest in psychedelic-assisted and ketamine-assisted therapy for mental...

Memory. 2026 Oct 8:1-14. doi: 10.1080/09658211.2026.2743852. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTNarrative identity is shaped by how individuals interpret and integrate significant life events. Yet little is...

Neuropsychol Rehabil. 2026 Oct 8:1-21. doi: 10.1080/09602011.2026.2742365. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTCaregivers of patients with acquired brain injury (ABI) often experience psychological distress, yet trauma-related responses...

BMC Psychol. 2026 Aug 10;14(1):1455. doi: 10.1186/s40359-026-05333-4.ABSTRACTBACKGROUND: War-related displacement may affect youth mental health through direct trauma exposure, family-level trauma burden, and coping processes. Ahiska...

Int J Emerg Med. 2026 Oct 8;19(1):262. doi: 10.1186/s12245-026-01394-9.ABSTRACTBACKGROUND: Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is a widespread condition affecting individuals globally in the aftermath of disasters....

Respir Med. 2026 Oct 8:109205. doi: 10.1016/j.rmed.2026.109205. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTOBJECTIVES: ICU admission with severe acute respiratory failure (SARF) can result in extended recovery and...

J Anxiety Disord. 2026 Oct 4;124:103242. doi: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2026.103242. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTThis study investigated whether baseline morning serum cortisol predicts the timing of PTSD onset...

Psychiatr Pol. 2026 Jun 30;60(3):349-366. doi: 10.12740/PP/203770. Epub 2026 Jun 30.ABSTRACTSignificant advances have been made over the past two decades, associated with an increase in...

J Sex Med. 2026 Oct 7;23(11):qdag316. doi: 10.1093/jsxmed/qdag316.ABSTRACTINTRODUCTION: Sexual and gender diverse (LGBTQIA+) individuals experience significant sexual health disparities shaped by minority stress processes, trauma...

Psychol Med. 2026 Oct 8;56:e324. doi: 10.1017/S0033291726106254.ABSTRACTExisting reviews of mental health outcomes among trans and gender diverse (trans)people have been limited by incomplete coverage, restricted...

Front Psychol. 2026 Sep 23;17:1836750. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2026.1836750. eCollection 2026.ABSTRACTBACKGROUND: Trauma counselors are exposed to sustained emotional demands and indirect trauma, which may increase the risk...

bioRxiv [Preprint]. 2026 Aug 16:2026.08.10.744040. doi: 10.64898/2026.08.10.744040.ABSTRACTPost-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has been associated with impairments in cognitive function, including working memory, and may involve altered...

Eur J Psychotraumatol. 2026 Dec;17(1):2735203. doi: 10.1080/20008066.2026.2735203. Epub 2026 Oct 8.ABSTRACTBackground: Internet interventions may improve access to help for grieving young people. In feedback from...

Eur J Psychotraumatol. 2026 Dec;17(1):2732729. doi: 10.1080/20008066.2026.2732729. Epub 2026 Oct 8.ABSTRACTBackground: Children living with a parent with complex post-traumatic stress disorder (CPTSD) may struggle to...

Nat Neurosci. 2026 Oct 6. doi: 10.1038/s41593-026-02475-x. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTFlexible behavior depends on continuous updating of internal models, yet the neural circuits coordinating this...

Neuropsychopharmacology. 2026 Oct 6. doi: 10.1038/s41386-026-02568-y. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTFear discrimination-the ability to distinguish threatening stimuli from non-threatening ones-is an essential adaptive behavior, yet the...

J Oral Rehabil. 2026 Oct 6. doi: 10.1111/joor.70336. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTOBJECTIVES: The primary aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of jaw...

Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 2026 Oct 6:111966. doi: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2026.111966. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTShort-acting tryptamine psychedelics are emerging as candidate psychiatric therapeutics with pharmacological profiles that...

Epilepsy Behav. 2026 Oct 6;186:111317. doi: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2026.111317. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTFunctional seizures (FS) present substantial diagnostic and treatment challenges, particularly for Veterans with multiple medical...

Mil Med. 2026 Oct 6:usag437. doi: 10.1093/milmed/usag437. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTINTRODUCTION: Physician burnout is an increasingly researched topic, particularly since the COVID-19 pandemic. Burnout reduction...

JAMA Netw Open. 2026 Oct 1;9(10):e2637592. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2026.37592.ABSTRACTIMPORTANCE: Given the burden and rising number of injuries from recent conflict zones such as Ukraine and the...

J Eval Clin Pract. 2026 Oct;32(7):e70639. doi: 10.1111/jep.70639.ABSTRACTAIM: This study aimed to examine the associations between exposure to physical and verbal workplace violence and post-traumatic...

Front Psychiatry. 2026 Sep 21;17:1911977. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2026.1911977. eCollection 2026.ABSTRACTBACKGROUND: Self-harm (SH) is common, but its severity varies. Severe cases may involve extensive hospitalization and high...

Eur J Psychotraumatol. 2026 Dec;17(1):2731855. doi: 10.1080/20008066.2026.2731855. Epub 2026 Oct 5.ABSTRACTBackground: Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is prevalent among children and adolescents, with cognitive behavioral therapy...

IBRO Neurosci Rep. 2026 Sep 20;21:868-873. doi: 10.1016/j.ibneur.2026.09.011. eCollection 2026 Dec.ABSTRACTDysfunction of the ventral tegmental area (VTA) dopaminergic circuits is strongly implicated in the pathological...

J Immigr Minor Health. 2026 Oct 4. doi: 10.1007/s10903-026-02001-y. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTSince the escalation of the war in Ukraine in February 2022, more than...

Depress Anxiety. 2026 Oct 2;2026:5875889. doi: 10.1155/da/5875889. eCollection 2026.ABSTRACTBACKGROUND: Long-term care workers (LTCWs), encompassing those in long-term care facilities and home-care settings, constitute a particularly...

J Behav Med. 2026 Oct 3. doi: 10.1007/s10865-026-00714-x. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTPosttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms are positively associated with multi-region pain, which is linked...

Arch Sex Behav. 2026 Oct 3. doi: 10.1007/s10508-026-03669-x. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTThere are increasing reports of individuals who, after undergoing medical gender-affirming treatments (GAT) for...

BMC Psychiatry. 2026 Jul 31;26(1):756. doi: 10.1186/s12888-026-08487-y.ABSTRACTBACKGROUND: Refugees from the Middle East are exposed to multiple war-related and displacement-related stressors. Narrative Exposure Therapy (NET) and...

Anaesth Crit Care Pain Med. 2026 Oct 2:101912. doi: 10.1016/j.accpm.2026.101912. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTBACKGROUND: Women's Retrospective work and clinical experience suggest that research is needed...

J Psychiatr Res. 2026 Sep 30;203:296-304. doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2026.09.031. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTBACKGROUND: Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is highly prevalent among military personnel. Subthreshold PTSD (sub-PTSD)...

J Psychiatr Res. 2026 Sep 30;203:290-295. doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2026.09.037. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTBACKGROUND: Firearm suicide is highly prevalent among U.S. veterans. Research suggests that firearm ownership...

J Surg Res. 2026 Oct 2;327:450-458. doi: 10.1016/j.jss.2026.09.007. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTINTRODUCTION: Below-knee amputation (BKA) is a critical lower-extremity intervention but remains associated with substantial...

Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2026 Oct;38(10):e70449. doi: 10.1111/nmo.70449.ABSTRACTBACKGROUND: Posttraumatic stress disorder may contribute to chronic overactivation of the sympathetic nervous system and exacerbate GI symptoms. The purpose...

J Occup Med Toxicol. 2026 Oct 1;21(1):32. doi: 10.1186/s12995-026-00530-8.ABSTRACTBACKGROUND: Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a stress-related disorder associated with substantial psychological distress and functional impairment,...