Clin Psychol Psychother. 2026 Jan-Feb;33(1):e70243. doi: 10.1002/cpp.70243.
ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a mental health condition and one of the leading causes of years lived with disability worldwide. The schema mode model offers a promising framework for understanding the variables that contribute to and potentially explain the severity of depressive disorders. The present study proposes a potential schema mode model for MDD. According to the hypothesized model, dysfunctional parent modes (punitive and demanding parent) are associated with depression severity through the vulnerable child mode and dysfunctional coping modes (“compliant surrender” and “detached protector”), respectively.
METHODS: The sample consisted of 106 participants diagnosed with MDD, aged 18-63 (M = 26.08, SD = 9.27). Eligibility was determined through a diagnostic assessment using the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (M.I.N.I.). Following the diagnostic evaluation, participants completed a paper-based questionnaire set, which included a demographic information form, the Schema Mode Inventory-Forensic (SMI-F), the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI). Hypotheses were tested using PROCESS Model 81.
RESULTS: The results indicated that the direct relationship between the demanding parent mode and depression severity was not significant. However, there was an indirect relationship between the demanding parent mode and depression severity via the vulnerable child mode, as well as the vulnerable child mode and the detached protector coping mode. In the model testing, the punitive parent mode, only its direct association with depression severity reached statistical significance.
CONCLUSION: These findings may inform clinical practice by guiding tailored schema mode interventions for MDD.
PMID:41708558 | DOI:10.1002/cpp.70243
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