All cells have the capacity to time

J Exp Psychol Anim Learn Cogn. 2026 Apr 6. doi: 10.1037/xan0000424. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Temporal patterns of experiences dictate the depths and rates of learning, forgetting, and extinction but the biological processes involved are fundamentally unknown. Kukushkin et al. (2024) demonstrate that nonneuronal cells in culture can provide a molecular read out of temporal differences in stimulation patterns and therefore provide a tractable model system with which to rigorously investigate how cells time. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).

PMID:41941175 | DOI:10.1037/xan0000424