Associations of Frailty, Sleep Quality, and Functional Dependence with Cognitive Function Among Institutionalized Older Adults in Indonesia: A Cross-Sectional Study

06/11/2026

AI Summary

Cognitive impairment (MMSE < 24) present in 58.7% of nursing home residents (mean age 71.8 years) in Greater Jakarta.
Frailty (β = -0.31), better sleep quality (β = 0.24), and functional dependence (β = 0.29) were independently associated with cognitive performance.
The three geriatric syndromes contributed an additional 22.6% variance; the overall model explained 46.2% of variance (Cohen’s f2 = 0.86).

TL;DR (AI Generated)

To examine cross-sectional associations between frailty, sleep quality, functional dependence, and cognitive function among institutionalized older adults in Indonesia.

Cognitive function was measured using the Mini-Mental State Examination, frailty using the FRAIL Scale, sleep quality using the Single-Item Sleep Quality Scale, and functional dependence using the Barthel Index.

In the final model, frailty (β = -.31), sleep quality (β =.24, indicating that better sleep quality was associated with higher cognitive scores), and functional dependence (β =.29) were each independently associated with cognitive performance.

Basic summary

J Gerontol Soc Work. 2026 Nov 5:1-23. doi: 10.1080/01634372.2026.2753067. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Cognitive impairment is prevalent among older adults in long-term care settings, yet evidence from Indonesian nursing homes remains sparse. To examine cross-sectional associations between frailty, sleep quality, functional dependence, and cognitive function among institutionalized older adults in Indonesia. Methods: A cross-sectional, multi-site study was conducted with 218 residents (aged ≥ 60 years) from three nursing homes in Greater Jakarta (January-March 2026). Cognitive function was measured using the Mini-Mental State Examination, frailty using the FRAIL Scale, sleep quality using the Single-Item Sleep Quality Scale, and functional dependence using the Barthel Index. Hierarchical multiple linear regression was performed adjusting for sociodemographic and clinical covariates. Participants had a mean age of 71.8 years (SD = 7.6); 61.5% were female. Cognitive impairment (MMSE < 24) was identified in 58.7% of participants. In the final model, frailty (β = -.31), sleep quality (β = .24, indicating that better sleep quality was associated with higher cognitive scores), and functional dependence (β = .29) were each independently associated with cognitive performance. The three geriatric syndromes explained 22.6% additional variance, with the overall model accounting for 46.2% of variance (Cohen’s f2 = 0.86). Frailty, lower sleep quality, and functional dependence demonstrated independent associations with cognitive impairment in this sample.

PMID:42988762 | DOI:10.1080/01634372.2026.2753067

Document this CPD