- Polishing and coatings significantly reduced surface roughness of 3D-printed denture bases and teeth; coatings provided lower roughness than polishing alone.
- Optiglaze (OG) coating significantly increased hardness of denture base resins and printed teeth compared with unpolished, polished, and PRIZMA seal.
- Material effect was limited; NextDent exhibited higher hardness than ASIGA only with OG coating, otherwise hardness differences were not significant.
Biomater Investig Dent. 2026 Sep 30;13:46909. doi: 10.2340/biid.v13.46909. eCollection 2026.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: The surface properties of three-dimensional (3D)-printed resins remain an area requiring further improvement. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of different polishing and coating protocols on the surface roughness and hardness of 3D-printed denture base resins (DBRs) and denture teeth.
METHODS: Two 3D printed resins (ASIGA and NextDent) for DBRs and denture teeth were used to fabricate disk-shaped (15 ×2 mm) specimens. Per resin, 96 specimens (48 for denture base and 48 for teeth) were divided into 4 groups (n=12) according to surface treatment: no polishing-coating (NP-C), conventional polishing (CP), Optiglaze (OG) coating, and PRIZMA seal (PS) coating. Surface roughness (Ra) and hardness were measured using a profilometer and Vickers hardness tester, respectively. The data was analyzed using one & two-way ANOVA, and post-hoc Tukey’s tests (α=0.05).
RESULTS: For both DBR materials, polished and coated groups showed a significant decrease (p<0.001) in Ra compared to the unpolished group (ASIGA: 1.6±0.36 µm; NextDent: 1.13±0.17 µm). Coated groups had lower roughness than the polished group (p<0.05). Similarly, for both printed tooth resins, the unpolished group recorded the highest Ra values and differed significantly from the polished and coated groups (p<0.001). CP showed significantly higher Ra than OG and PS (p<0.001), with no significant difference between the two coated groups. Regarding hardness, no significant differences were found among unpolished, polished, and coated DBR groups (p>0.05), except for the OG group, which showed significantly higher hardness than other groups (p<0.001). Between the two resins, NextDent showed significantly higher hardness than ASIGA only in the OG group (p=0.009). The same trend was observed for printed teeth, where OG coating yielded the highest hardness values.
CONCLUSION: Surface roughness of 3D printed DBR and denture teeth decreased after polishing and coatings. Coating using OG resin improved the hardness of DBR and denture teeth.
PMID:42835914 | PMC:PMC13636026 | DOI:10.2340/biid.v13.46909
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