Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2023 Jun 8. doi: 10.1007/s11356-023-28040-8. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Herein, we introduce a stable and green Au@g-C₃N₄ nanocomposite as a selective electrochemical sensor for vortioxetine (VOR) determination. The electrochemical behavior of VOR on the developed electrode was investigated through cyclic voltammetry (CV), differential pulse voltammetry (DPV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and chronoamperometry. The Au@g-C₃N₄ nanocomposite was thoroughly observed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), Raman spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. The Au@g-C₃N₄ nanocomposite had a higher conductivity and a narrower band gap than pure g-C₃N₄, causing higher electrochemical activity for VOR detection. Moreover, Au@g-C₃N₄ on the glassy carbon electrode (Au@g-C₃N₄/GCE) monitored a low level of VOR with high efficiency and low interference as an environmentally friendly processing approach. Interestingly, the as-fabricated sensor exhibited an ultrahigh selectivity for recognizing VOR with a detection limit (LOD) of 3.2 nM. Furthermore, the developed sensor was applied to determine VOR in pharmaceutical and biological samples, which indicated a high selectivity in the presence of interferences. This study suggests new insights into the phytosynthesis synthesis of nanomaterials with excellent biosensing applications.

PMID:37289391 | DOI:10.1007/s11356-023-28040-8