Learning to Expect Less: An Ecological Momentary Assessment Study of Prediction Errors, Reward Anticipation, and Negative Symptoms in Daily Lives of People with Schizophrenia

23/09/2026

AI Summary

Individuals with SSD reported fewer positive reward prediction errors (+RPEs) than healthy controls; no group differences in negative RPEs or RPE magnitude.
Higher baseline amotivation in SSD was associated with smaller positive RPEs, linking motivational deficits to reduced positive surprise.
In SSD, larger +RPEs predicted decreased subsequent anticipatory pleasure, indicating maladaptive updating of reward expectations that may drive negative symptoms.

TL;DR (AI Generated)

Participants completed six days of ecological momentary assessment capturing current and anticipated pleasure. +RPEs were defined as EMA assessments in which current pleasure exceeded anticipated pleasure at the previous prompt, -RPEs were defined as occasions in which current pleasure fell short of prior anticipation.

STUDY RESULTS: Individuals with SSD reported fewer +RPEs (β = -0.05, p =.025), with no group difference in -RPEs or RPE magnitude.

Basic summary

Schizophr Bull. 2026 Aug 20;52(5):sbag125. doi: 10.1093/schbul/sbag125.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND AND HYPOTHESES: The brain continuously generates predictions about future experiences. When outcomes deviate from expectations, positive (+RPE) and negative (-RPE) reward prediction errors recalibrate predictions. Neuroimaging evidence indicates that amotivation in schizophrenia-spectrum disorders (SSD) is linked to blunted processing of +RPEs. Yet the nature of RPEs and their processing in the everyday lives of people with SSD remains unknown.

STUDY DESIGN: This preregistered analysis pooled data from two studies (N = 147; SSD = 68, healthy controls [HC] = 79) to quantify daily-life +RPEs and -RPEs and test their association with subsequent updating of anticipatory pleasure. Participants completed six days of ecological momentary assessment capturing current and anticipated pleasure. +RPEs were defined as EMA assessments in which current pleasure exceeded anticipated pleasure at the previous prompt, -RPEs were defined as occasions in which current pleasure fell short of prior anticipation. Linear mixed-effects models tested group differences in RPE frequency and magnitude; time-lagged models assessed updating of anticipatory pleasure.

STUDY RESULTS: Individuals with SSD reported fewer +RPEs (β = -0.05, p = .025), with no group difference in -RPEs or RPE magnitude. Within SSD, higher baseline amotivation was associated with smaller +RPEs (β = -0.08, p = .019). Time-lagged analyses revealed that in SSD, larger +RPEs predicted reduced subsequent anticipatory pleasure (β = -.171, p < .001), unlike in HCs (β = -.038, p = .26).

CONCLUSIONS: Findings indicate that in everyday life, individuals with SSD experience fewer positive surprises and show maladaptive updating of reward expectations, potentially driving negative symptoms.

PMID:42766872 | PMC:PMC13592776 | DOI:10.1093/schbul/sbag125

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