Sleep Duration and the Association Between Systemic Inflammatory Response Index and Depressive Symptoms Among Emerging Adults: Evidence from NHANES 2005-2023

06/07/2026

AI Summary

Participants in the highest SIRI quartile had 33% higher odds of depressive symptoms versus lowest quartile (OR 1.33, 95% CI 1.09-1.61).
Higher SIRI was positively associated with depressive symptoms after full adjustment (OR 1.16, 95% CI 1.02-1.33, P = 0.03).
Cross-sectional NHANES 2005-2023 analysis (n=6563); depressive symptoms defined as PHQ-9 ≥10, observed prevalence 9.2%.

AI Summary

Exploratory mediation analysis revealed a negative indirect effect through sleep duration (β = -0.009), accounting for approximately 6.2% of the total effect.ConclusionsHigher SIRI levels were associated with increased odds of depressive symptoms among emerging adults.

Sleep duration played a modest suppressor role in this relationship, suggesting complex interactions between inflammation, sleep, and mental health warranting further investigation through prospective studies.

Basic summary

Int J Psychiatry Med. 2026 Jul 6:912174261464297. doi: 10.1177/00912174261464297. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

ObjectiveThis study examined the association between the Systemic Inflammatory Response Index (SIRI) and depressive symptoms among emerging adults aged 18-25 years, with an emphasis on the indirect role of sleep duration.MethodThis cross-sectional study utilized data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2005-2023. A total of 6563 participants with complete data on the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), complete blood count parameters for SIRI calculation, and self-reported sleep duration were included. Depressive symptoms were defined as a PHQ-9 score ≥10. Weighted multivariable logistic regression, restricted cubic spline analysis, and bootstrap-based exploratory mediation analysis (n = 1000) were employed.ResultsOverall, 604 participants (9.2%) met the criteria for depressive symptoms. After full adjustment for covariates, SIRI demonstrated a significant positive association with depressive symptoms (Model 4: OR = 1.16, 95% CI = 1.02-1.33, P = 0.03). Participants in the highest SIRI quartile (Q4) exhibited 33% higher odds of depressive symptoms compared to the lowest quartile (Q1) (OR = 1.33, 95% CI = 1.09-1.61, P = 0.005). No significant nonlinearity was observed (P for nonlinearity = 0.066). Exploratory mediation analysis revealed a negative indirect effect through sleep duration (β = -0.009), accounting for approximately 6.2% of the total effect.ConclusionsHigher SIRI levels were associated with increased odds of depressive symptoms among emerging adults. Sleep duration played a modest suppressor role in this relationship, suggesting complex interactions between inflammation, sleep, and mental health warranting further investigation through prospective studies.

PMID:42405449 | DOI:10.1177/00912174261464297

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