- Higher baseline social engagement associated with higher general cognitive scores at baseline (0.145 SD, 95% CI 0.076 to 0.214).
- Baseline social engagement was not associated with the rate of cognitive change over follow up.
- Educational attainment did not consistently modify the association between social engagement and cognitive outcomes across domains.
Alzheimers Dement. 2026 Sep;22(9):e71850. doi: 10.1002/alz.71850.
ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: We estimated the associations between baseline social engagement and cognitive function and change among older adults in India, overall and by education.
METHODS: Data were from 3869 adults aged ≥ 60 years from the Longitudinal Aging Study in India-Diagnostic Assessment of Dementia Wave 1 (2017-2019) and Wave 2 (2022-2024). Baseline social engagement was measured using a 12-point index, dichotomized as higher (< 8) versus lower (≥ 8) engagement. General and domain-specific cognitive scores were derived at both waves. Multivariable-adjusted joint models accounted for mortality and evaluated effect modification by education.
RESULTS: Higher baseline social engagement was associated with higher general cognitive scores at baseline (0.145 standard deviation units; 95% confidence interval: 0.076, 0.214), but not with cognitive change over time. Education attainment did not show a consistent pattern of effect modification across cognitive domains.
DISCUSSION: Social engagement was associated with cognitive level at baseline but not the rate of cognitive change over time, with no consistent evidence of effect modification by education.
PMID:42773093 | DOI:10.1002/alz.71850
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