Suicidal Ideation and Influencing Factors in Adolescents With Non-Suicidal Self-Injury

J Sch Health. 2026 Nov;96(11):e70266. doi: 10.1111/josh.70266.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Adolescents who engage in non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) are at heightened risk for suicidal ideation. Nevertheless, there is a scarcity of population-level evidence in China to guide school-based health initiatives. This study aimed to explore the prevalence and correlates of suicidal ideation among adolescents with NSSI in central China.

METHODS: A multicenter study in central China assessed 3730 adolescents with NSSI using standardized measures of depression, anxiety, family functioning, and suicidal ideation. Multiple linear regression identified associated factors (p < 0.05).

RESULTS: A total of 74.05% reported suicidal ideation in the past year, and 68.2% were at elevated suicide risk. Higher suicidal ideation was associated with female sex, only-child status, higher parental education, greater depressive/anxiety symptoms, and poorer family functioning.

IMPLICATIONS FOR SCHOOL HEALTH POLICY, PRACTICE, AND EQUITY: Findings emphasize the need for school-based mental health screening, early intervention, and family-school collaboration, alongside equitable policies to ensure psychosocial support across diverse socioeconomic and regional contexts.

CONCLUSIONS: Suicidal ideation is highly prevalent among adolescents with NSSI and is closely linked to emotional distress and family functioning, highlighting the importance of school-centered prevention strategies.

PMID:42908174 | DOI:10.1111/josh.70266